OpenLB
Open Library of Bioscience
Advanced Search
Journal of minimal access surgery
Mar 24, 2025;

Demographic and clinical predictors of bariatric surgery patients: A retrospective cohort study.

Raghad Abdulmohsen Aljuhani, Fatma Elsayed Hassan, Zainab Jasim AlQurain, Tanveer Nidal Khan, Doaa A Turkistani, Mohammed Ahmed Alabbadi
Author Information
  1. Raghad Abdulmohsen Aljuhani: General Medicine Practice Program, College of Medicine and Surgery, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
  2. Fatma Elsayed Hassan: Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Alainy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
  3. Zainab Jasim AlQurain: General Medicine Practice Program, College of Medicine and Surgery, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
  4. Tanveer Nidal Khan: General Medicine Practice Program, College of Medicine and Surgery, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
  5. Doaa A Turkistani: General Medicine Practice Program, College of Medicine and Surgery, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
  6. Mohammed Ahmed Alabbadi: Department of General Surgery, King Abdullah Medical Complex, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
PMID: 40126427 DOI: 10.4103/jmas.jmas_377_24

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The significant rise in bariatric procedures (BPs) reflects the global increase in obesity. In Saudi Arabia, obesity prevalence is notably high at 35.6%, surpassing the global average. This retrospective cohort study primarily aims to identify demographic and clinical predictors influencing BP uptake among individuals at a single healthcare centre in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Secondarily, it evaluates the effectiveness of BPs, particularly laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), in reducing body mass index (BMI) and obesity-related comorbidities.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data were extracted from the hospital's registry between October 2023 and June 2024. The study population included obese adults of varying ages, genders and comorbidities who underwent bariatric surgery. However, the single-centre design limited generalisability, long-term outcome data were unavailable and contextual factors, such as socioeconomic status and health literacy, were not captured.
RESULTS: A cohort of 208 patients was analysed, 64.9% females and 34.2% males, with a mean age of 36 �� 11.2 years. The pre-operative BMI was 44.10 �� 6.2 kg/m�� (P = 0.462), which decreased to 35.1 �� 6.5 kg/m�� (P = 0.577) postoperatively, reflecting a mean reduction of 9.03 �� 4.9 kg/m�� (20.5%) (P = 0.255). LSG was the most performed BP at 93.3%. The most prevalent obesity-related comorbidities identified were hypertension, diabetes and GIT disease including gall bladder disorders (15.9%, 13.9% and 13.5%, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the increasing prevalence of BP, particularly among young, predominantly female patients. LSG demonstrated substantial effectiveness, achieving a 20.5% reduction in BMI and improvement in obesity-related comorbidities. Future research could explore more patient demographics that could not be analysed in this study.

References

  1. World Health Organization [Homepage on the Internet]. Obesity and Overweight. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesityand-overweight. [Last accessed on 2024 Aug 01].
  2. Salem V, AlHusseini N, Abdul Razack HI, Naoum A, Sims OT, Alqahtani SA. Prevalence, risk factors, and interventions for obesity in Saudi Arabia: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2022;23:e13448.
  3. Alotaibi AA, Almutairy AN, Alsaab AS. Post-bariatric surgery patients: A quality of life assessment in Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2022;14:e24273.
  4. T��oule P, Pozek E, Hielscher T, Rei��felder C, Stier C, Otto M, et al. Gender-specific differences in bariatric surgery: Epidemiology, treatment and results. Chirurgie (Heidelb) 2024;95:721���9.
  5. Kochkodan J, Telem DA, Ghaferi AA. Physiologic and psychological gender differences in bariatric surgery. Surg Endosc 2018;32:1382���8.
  6. Gajovic G, Janicijevic K, Andric D, Djurovic O, Radevic S. Gender differences in health care utilization among the elderly. Serbian J Exp Clin Res 2019;22:195���203. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2478/sjecr-2019-0006. [Last accessed on 2025 Jan 20].
  7. Micic DD, Toplak H, Micic DD, Polovina SP. Reproductive outcomes after bariatric surgery in women. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2022;134:56���62.
  8. Kammerlander AA, Lyass A, Mahoney TF, Massaro JM, Long MT, Vasan RS, et al. Sex differences in the associations of visceral adipose tissue and cardiometabolic and cardiovascular disease risk: The Framingham heart study. J Am Heart Assoc 2021;10:e019968.
  9. Aly S, Hachey K, Pernar LI. Gender disparities in weight loss surgery. Mini Invasive Surg 2020;4:21. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2574-1225.2019.57. [Last accessed on 2024 Aug 01].
  10. van de Pas KG, Esfandiyari Noushi A, Janssen L, Vreugdenhil AC, Leclercq WK, van Dielen FM, et al. Apopulation-based cohort study on efficacy and safety of bariatric surgery in young adults versus adults. Obes Surg 2023;33:2475���84.
  11. Alfadda AA, Al-Naami MY, Masood A, Elawad R, Isnani A, Ahamed SS, et al. Long-term weight outcomes after bariatric surgery: A single center Saudi Arabian cohort experience. J Clin Med 2021;10:4922.
  12. Scozzari G, Passera R, Benvenga R, Toppino M, Morino M. Age as a long-term prognostic factor in bariatric surgery. Ann Surg 2012;256:724���8.
  13. Reiter-Purtill J, Decker KM, Jenkins TM, Zeller MH. Self-worth and developmental outcomes in young adults after pediatric bariatric surgery. Health Psychol 2023;42:92���102.
  14. Cooiman MI, Aarts EO, Janssen IM, Hazebroek EJ, Berends FJ. Weight loss, remission of comorbidities, and quality of life after bariatric surgery in young adult patients. Obes Surg 2019;29:1851���7.
  15. Schweiger C, Weiss R, Berry E, Keidar A. Nutritional deficiencies in bariatric surgery candidates. Obes Surg 2010;20:193���7.
  16. Neff KJ, Olbers T, le Roux CW. Bariatric surgery: The challenges with candidate selection, individualizing treatment and clinical outcomes. BMC Med 2013;11:8.
  17. al-Nuaim AR, al-Rubeaan K, al-Mazrou Y, al-Attas O, al-Daghari N, Khoja T. High prevalence of overweight and obesity in Saudi Arabia. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1996;20:547���52.
  18. Almalki M, Fitzgerald G, Clark M. Health care system in Saudi Arabia: An overview. East Mediterr Health J 2011;17:784���93.
  19. Alharbi A. Willingness to pay for a National Health Insurance (NHI) in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2022;22:951.
  20. Al-Hazzaa HM, Abahussain NA, Al-Sobayel HI, Qahwaji DM, Alsulaiman NA, Musaiger AO. Prevalence of overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity among urban Saudi adolescents: Gender and regional variations. J Health Popul Nutr 2014;32:634���45.
  21. Al-Othaimeen AI, Al-Nozha M, Osman AK. Obesity: An emerging problem in Saudi Arabia. Analysis of data from the National Nutrition Survey. East Mediterr Health J 2007;13:441���8.
  22. Altaf A, Abbas MM. Public perception of bariatric surgery. Saudi Med J 2019;40:379���84.
  23. Al-Mushaigah BS, Almesned RA, Alsolai OA, Alfahhad NM, Almesned AA. Knowledge and attitude of the public toward bariatric weight loss surgery and its impact on candidates and patients in the Al-Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023;15:e50477.
  24. Alghalyini B, Zaidi AR, Faroog Z, Aljejakli M, Garad NF, Nyroze MS, et al. Awareness and attitudes of the Saudi population towards bariatric surgery in Saudi Arabia. Healthcare (Basel) 2024;12:2528.
  25. Washington TB, Johnson VR, Kendrick K, Ibrahim AA, Tu L, Sun K, et al. Disparities in access and quality of obesity care. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2023;52:429���41.
  26. Sager La Ganga C, Garc��a-Sanz I, Carrillo L��pez E, Navas-Moreno V, Marazuela M, Gancedo-Quintana ��, et al. Equitable access, lasting results: The influence of socioeconomic environment on bariatric surgery outcomes. Obes Surg 2025;35:59���66.
  27. Alanazi RH, Hussain MA, Alanazi RH, Alanazi SR, Alanazi RM, Fawzy MS. Prevalence and awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeries in the Northern Borders Region, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023;15:e50261.
  28. Masry MA, Fiky MA. Long-term outcome of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) on weight loss in patients with obesity: A 5-year and 11-year follow-up study. Obes Surg 2023;33:3147���54.
  29. Singla V, Gupta A, Gupta A, Monga S, Kumar A, Chekuri R, et al. Outcomes of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) versus one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) in patients with super-super obesity (BMI ���60 kg/m(2)). Obes Surg 2024;34:43���50.
  30. Zaki MK, Alhelali RE, Samman YH, Alharbi AS, Alharbi YK, Alrefaei AK, et al. Effect of bariatric surgery on glycaemic control in King Fahad Hospital. Cureus 2021;13:e18943.
  31. Abdul Wahab R, le Roux CW. A review on the beneficial effects of bariatric surgery in the management of obesity. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2022;17:435���46.
  32. Rashdan M, Al-Sabe L, Salameh M, Halaseh S, Al-Mikhi B, Sha'bin S, et al. Predictive factors for readmission after bariatric surgery: Experience of an obesity center. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024;103:e39242.
  33. Hoyuela C. Five-year outcomes of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy as a primary procedure for morbid obesity: A prospective study. World J Gastrointest Surg 2017;9:109���17.
  34. Schmitz SM, Alizai PH, Kroh A, Schipper S, Brozat JF, Plamper A, et al. Clinical outcomes after one anastomosis gastric bypass versus sleeve gastrectomy in super-super-obese patients. Surg Endosc 2022;36:4401���7.
  35. Winckelmann LA, Gribsholt SB, Madsen LR, Richelsen B, Svensson E, J��rgensen NB, et al. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass versus sleeve gastrectomy: Nationwide data from the Danish quality registry for treatment of severe obesity. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2022;18:511���9.
  36. Abhishek F, Ogunkoya GD, Gugnani JS, Kaur H, Muskawad S, Singh M, et al. Comparative analysis of bariatric surgery and non-surgical therapies: Impact on obesity-related comorbidities. Cureus 2024;16:e69653.
  37. Dixon AE, Poynter ME, Garrow OJ, Kaminsky DA, Tharp WG, Bates JH. Peripheral airway dysfunction in obesity and obese asthma. Chest 2023;163:753���62.
  38. Kaur V, Bowen L, Bano G, Reddy M, Khan O. Multidisciplinary team in bariatric surgery: Structure and role. In: Obesity, Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2022.1���8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54064-7_15-1. [Last accessed on 2025 Jan 24].
  39. AlShahrani MS. Prevalence of obesity and overweight among type 2 diabetic patients in Bisha, Saudi Arabia. J Family Med Prim Care 2021;10:143���8.
Journal Article

Word Cloud

Created with Highcharts 10.0.0studycomorbidities��bariatriccohortBPLSGBMIobesity-related9%kg/m��P=05%BPsglobalobesitySaudiArabiaprevalence35retrospectiveclinicalpredictorsamongeffectivenessparticularlysurgerypatientsanalysedmean26reduction92013INTRODUCTION:significantriseproceduresreflectsincreasenotablyhigh6%surpassingaverageprimarilyaimsidentifydemographicinfluencinguptakeindividualssinglehealthcarecentreJeddahSecondarilyevaluateslaparoscopicsleevegastrectomyreducingbodymassindexPATIENTSANDMETHODS:Dataextractedhospital'sregistryOctober2023June2024populationincludedobeseadultsvaryingagesgendersunderwentHoweversingle-centredesignlimitedgeneralisabilitylong-termoutcomedataunavailablecontextualfactorssocioeconomicstatushealthliteracycapturedRESULTS:20864females342%malesage3611yearspre-operative4410462decreased15577postoperativelyreflecting034255performed933%prevalentidentifiedhypertensiondiabetesGITdiseaseincludinggallbladderdisorders15respectivelyCONCLUSIONS:highlightsincreasingyoungpredominantlyfemaledemonstratedsubstantialachievingimprovementFutureresearchexplorepatientdemographicsDemographicpatients:

Similar Articles

Cited By