Clostridium Butyricum Miyairi Bacteriocin Treatment for Clostridioides difficile Infections with Clinical Isolates: Insights from In Vitro, Ex Vivo, and Mouse Model Studies.
Ching-Chi Lee: Clinical Medicine Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
Yi-Chen Tu: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
Hung-Tsung Wu: Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
Wen-Chien Ko: Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
Hsiao-Chieh Liu: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan.
Pei-Jane Tsai: Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
Hsiang-Ning Chang: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
I-Hsiu Huang: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences. Electronic address: George.huang@okstate.edu.
Yuan-Pin Hung: Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan. Electronic address: yuebin16@yahoo.com.tw.
OBJECTIVE: The standard antimicrobial therapy for Clostridioides difficile infections (CDIs) is limited to oral fidaxomicin or vancomycin, but these agents are associated with high treatment failure and recurrence rates. Clostridium butyricum had been proven effective in many kinds of gastrointestinal disease. With a less disturbed gut microbiota, we hypothesized that the properties of Clostridium butyricum Miyairi Bacteriocin (CBM-B) make it a potential therapeutic agent for treating patients with CDIs. METHODS: The inhibitory effects of CBM-B and vancomycin were compared using the kinetic time-kill assay, ex vivo co-culture model and mouse model. RESULTS: Among the clinical isolates of C. difficile, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CBM-B ranged from 0.0625 to 8 µg/ml; the MIC and MIC were 1 µg/ml and 4 µg/ml, respectively. In the mouse model infected with a RT078 and receiving CBM-B intra-rectal enema therapy, mice infected with isolates with a relative low CBM-B MICs (2 µg/ml, abbreviated as M2) revealed significant better therapeutic effect, including less loss of body weight and cecum weight, compared with those infected with isolates of relative high CBM-B MICs (4 or 8 µg/ml, abbreviated as M4 or M8) . The relative C. difficile bacterial burden in stool of mice receiving CBM-B treatment were significantly lower among mice infected with M2, compared with that infected with M4 or M8. CBMB treatment, compared with vancomycin therapy revealed less disturbance in gut microbiota. CONCLUSION: CBM-B could be effective in the treatment of CDIs that infected with a C. difficile isolate with relatively low MICs with less disturbance in gut microbiota.
