The detail information of Patella luxation
Basic Information
Disease Description: A condition where the knee caps slide in and out of place.
Inherit Mode: The mode of inheritance is not yet known. Some researchers think that this disease may be polygenic.
Disease Symptom: When present, thecondition is usually evident in young dogs byaround 6 months of age, but if mild it may go unnoticed until the dogis older. When theknee cap is out of place, your dog will be lame and may refuse to bearweight, or his/her knee may be "locked". The severity of the condition varies widely. Inmildcases, the knee cap may only slip out of place occasionally, causingyour dog to"hop" for a few steps, and then it may slide back into the groove onits own. Insevere cases, the knee cap slips out of place more often, or is neverin a normalposition. It may not go back into the groove on its own and yourveterinarian may need topush it back into place. As a result of patellar luxation, your dog maydevelop otherdegenerative joint changes, such as osteoarthritis. If your dog has amild case of thisdisease, you may not notice the actual luxation, but your dog mayeventually develop paindue to osteoarthritis.
Disease Cause: -
Disease Diagnose: Your veterinarian will diagnose this disease based onphysicalexamination and palpation. He/she may take radiographs to see if yourdog has otherproblems (such as osteoarthritis) as a result of this disease.
Treat Method: The treatment and long term outcome (prognosis)depend on theseverity of disease (how often the knee cap slips out of place, andhow easily it slipsback into the normal position), and whether there are other problemssuch asosteoarthritis. Moderate or severe cases often require surgery to makesure that the kneecap stays in the groove in the femur, and to prevent painfulosteoarthritis. Exerciserestriction is important for a period after surgery, and the resultsare usually verygood.
Breeder Advice: Affected dogs, as well as their parents, theirlitter-mates, and anydog which has had surgery for patellar luxation, should not be bred.The OrthopedicFoundation of America - www.offa.org -and Institute for Genetic Disease Control in Animals - www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/gdc/gdc.html - have registries for this condition.
Disease Description Source: Link
Associated Diseases
| Disease Name | Other Name | Mode of inheritance | Link ID | Possible OMIM ID | Gene |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patellar luxation | - | Multifactorial | - | - |
Associated Breeds
| iDog Breed Number | Breed Name | Personality | Height | Weight | Breed Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CB1 | Affenpinshcher(Monkey Terrier) | Loyal, curious, famously funny; fearless out of all proportion to their size | 22.9-29.2 cm | 3.2-4.5 kg | Germany, France |
| CB22 | Basset Hound | Patient and low-key; a bit stubborn but always charming | up to 38.1 cm | 18.1-29.5 kg | France |
| CB23 | Bavarian Mountain Scent Hound | Loyal, Versatile, Reserved with Strangers | 17-20.5 inches | 37-66 pound | |
| CB36 | Biewer Terrier | Intelligent, Devoted, Amusing | 7-11 inches | 4-8 pounds | |
| CB45 | Borzoi(Russian wolfhound) | Loyal, affectionate, regally dignified; a charming but independent-minded canine nobleman | 71.1 cm & up (male), 66 cm & up (female) | 34-47.6 kg (male), 27.2-38.6 kg (female) | Russia |
| CB46 | Boston Terrier | Friendly, bright, amusing, and adaptable. | 38.1-43.2 cm | 4.5-11.3 kg | United States |
| CB47 | Bouvier des Flandres(Flanders Cattle Dog) | Strong-willed, even-tempered, courageous; affectionate with family, intimidating to intruders | 62.2-69.9 cm (male), 59.7-67.3 cm (female) | 31.8-49.9 kg | Belgium |
| CB60 | Cairn Terrier | Cheerful, alert, busy and independent-minded | 25.4 cm (male), 24.1 cm (female) | 6.4 kg (male), 5.9 kg (female) | United Kingdom (Scotland) |
| CB68 | Central Asian Shepherd Dog | Independent, Courageous, Self-Confident | 25.5-27.5 inches | 88-110 pounds | Russia |
| CB71 | Chihuahua | Graceful, charming, and sassy. | 15.2-22.9 cm | 1.4-2.7 kg | Mexico |
| CB72 | Chinese Crested | Lively, alert, and affectionate | 27.9-33 cm | 3.6-5.4 kg | Africa, Mexico |
| CB74 | Chinook | Patient, smart, willing to please; a devoted family dog | 61-66 cm (male), 55.9-61 cm (female) | 24.9-40.8 kg (male), 22.7-29.5 kg (female) | United States |
| CB78 | Cocker Spaniel | Happy, smart, gentle | 36.8-39.4 cm (male), 34.3-36.8 cm (female) | 11.3-13.6 kg (male), 9.1-11.3 kg (female) | |
| CB85 | Dandie Dinmont Terrier | Independent, proud, smart; affectionate at home, bold and tenacious in the field | 20.3-27.9 cm | 8.2-10.9 kg | United Kingdom (Scotland) |
| CB86 | Danish-Swedish Farmdog | Energetic, Trainable, Attentive | 34-37cm (male), 32-35 cm (female) | 6.8-9 kg | Denmark, Sweden |
| CB98 | English Toy Spaniel | Affectionate, Alert, Merry | 22.9-25.4 cm | 3.6-6.4 kg | England |
| CB99 | Entlebucher Mountain Dog | Enthusiastic, loyal, smart; confident but not aggressive | 43.2-53.3 cm (male), 40.6-50.8 cm (female) | 24.9-29.5 kg | Switzerland |
| CB153 | Lhasa Apso(Long-Haired Lhasa Dog) | Smart, confident, complex; a family comedian, but regally aloof with strangers | 25.4-27.9 cm (male), slightly smaller (female) | 5.4-8.2 kg | Tibet |
| CB154 | Lowchen(Little Lion Dog) | Affectionate, Outgoing, Positive | 12-14 inches | 15 pounds | Germany, France, Netherlands, Spain |
| CB156 | Manchester Terrier | Spirited, bright, keenly observant; dead loyal, in an independent terrier way | 38.1-40.6 cm | 5.4-10 kg (standard) | United Kingdom (England) |
| CB176 | Papillon(Continental Toy Spaniel) | Happy, alert, friendly | 20.3-27.9 cm | 2.3-4.5 kg | Spain, Belgium, France |
| CB177 | Parson Russell Terrier | Bold, friendly, athletic, and clever | 35.6 cm (male), 33 cm (female) | 5.9-7.7 kg | United Kingdom (England) |
| CB178 | Pekingese | Affectionate, loyal, regal in manner | 15.2-22.9 cm | up to 6.4 kg | China |
| CB187 | Pomeranian | Inquisitive, Bold, Lively | 15.2-17.8 cm | 1.4-3.2 kg | Germany, Poland |
| CB188 | Poodle | Proud, active and very smart | 25.4 cm & under (toy), 25.4-38.1 cm (miniature), over 38.1 cm (standard) | 1.8-2.7 kg (toy), 4.5-6.8 kg (miniature), 27.2-31.8 kg (male standard), 18.1-22.7 kg (female standard) | Germany, France |
| CB197 | Hungarian Puli | Loyal, smart, home-loving; strong-willed but trainable | 43.2 cm (male), 40.6 cm (female) | 11.3-15.9 kg | Hungary |
| CB218 | Shih Tzu(Chrysanthemum Dog) | Outgoing, affectionate, playful and charming | 20.3-27.9 cm | 4.1-7.3 kg | China |
| CB221 | Silky Terrier | Friendly, vivacious, cheeky; in all ways a true terrier | 22.9-25.4 cm | around 4.5 kg | Australia |
| CB222 | Skye Terrier | Plucky but dignified, calm but sometimes stubborn; famously loyal and devoted | 25.4 cm (male), 24.1 cm (female) | 15.9-20.4 kg (male), slightly lighter (female) | United Kingdom (Scotland) |
| CB262 | Yorkshire Terrier | Sprightly, tomboyish, and affectionate | 17.8-20.3 cm | 3.2 kg | United Kingdom (England) |
| CB263 | Akbash Dog | Calm, quiet, and steady.,independent ,loyal, gentle, and quietly affectionate with its own family, including children and family pets, but remains aloof and suspicious toward strangers. | 76.2-86.4 cm (male), 71.1-81.3 cm (female) | 54.4 kg (male), 40.8 kg (female) | Turkey |
| CB265 | American Pit Bull Terrier | Strength, confidence, and zest for life,eager to please and brimming over with enthusiasm,excellent family companions | 45.7-53.3 cm (male), 43.2 to 50.8 cm (female) | 15.9-27.2 kg (male), 13.6-22.7 kg (female) | United States |
| CB268 | Miniature Poodle | Intelligent, Eager-to-please , Charming companion | 25-38 cm | 4.5-6.8kg | France&Germany |
| CB270 | Toy Poodle | Intelligent, eager to please, quick to learn and an affectionate, loyal pet. | under 25 cm |
References
| 2020 |
Hamilton,L.,Farrell,M.,Mielke,B.,Solano,M.,Silva,S.,Calvo,I.: :
The natural history of canine occult Grade II medial patellar luxation: an observational study. J Small Anim Pract :, 2020. Pubmed reference: 32003012 . DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13093 . |
| 2018 |
DiDona,F.,DellaValle,G.,Fatone,G.: :
Patellar luxation in dogs. Vet Med (Auckl) 9:23-32, 2018. Pubmed reference: 30050864 . DOI: 10.2147/VMRR.S142545 . |
| 2018 |
Nilsson,K.,Zanders,S.,Malm,S.: :
Heritability of patellar luxation in the Chihuahua and Bichon Frise breeds of dogs and effectiveness of a Swedish screening programme. Vet J 234:136-141, 2018. Pubmed reference: 29680386 . DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.01.010 . |
| 2018 |
Srinarang,P.,Nganvongpanit,K.,Pradit,W.,Buddhachat,K.,Siengdee,P.,Soontornvipart,K.,Chomdej,S.: :
<i>Dystroglycan 1:</i> A new candidate gene for patellar luxation in Chihuahua dogs. Vet World 11:1277-1284, 2018. Pubmed reference: 30410234 . DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1277-1284 . |
| 2017 |
Belanger,J.M.,Bellumori,T.P.,Bannasch,D.L.,Famula,T.R.,Oberbauer,A.M.: :
Correlation of neuter status and expression of heritable disorders. Canine Genet Epidemiol 4:6, 2017. Pubmed reference: 28560045 . DOI: 10.1186/s40575-017-0044-6 . |
| 2017 |
Bosio,F.,Bufalari,A.,Peirone,B.,Petazzoni,M.,Vezzoni,A.: :
Prevalence, treatment and outcome of patellar luxation in dogs in Italy. A retrospective multicentric study (2009-2014). Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 30:, 2017. Pubmed reference: 28763525 . DOI: 10.3415/VCOT-16-05-0073 . |
| 2016 |
DiDona,F.,DellaValle,G.,Balestriere,C.,Lamagna,B.,Meomartino,L.,Napoleone,G.,Lamagna,F.,Fatone,G.: :
Lateral patellar luxation in nine small breed dogs. Open Vet J 6:255-258, 2016. Pubmed reference: 28116250 . DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v6i3.16 . |
| 2016 |
Katayama,M.,Ogaya,H.,Shunsuke,S.,Uzuka,Y.: :
Kite Shield-Shaped Wedge Recession for Treatment of Medial Patellar Luxation in Seven Small-Breed Dogs. Vet Surg 45:66-70, 2016. Pubmed reference: 26638125 . DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12422 . |
| 2016 |
O'Neill,D.G.,Meeson,R.L.,Sheridan,A.,Church,D.B.,Brodbelt,D.C.: :
The epidemiology of patellar luxation in dogs attending primary-care veterinary practices in England. Canine Genet Epidemiol 3:4, 2016. Pubmed reference: 27280025 . DOI: 10.1186/s40575-016-0034-0 . |
| 2016 |
Olimpo,M.,Piras,L.A.,Peirone,B.: :
Pelvic limb alignment in small breed dogs: a comparison between affected and free subjects from medial patellar luxation. Vet Ital 52:45-50, 2016. Pubmed reference: 26681507 . DOI: 10.12834/VetIt.71.206.3 . |
| 2016 |
vanGrevenhof,E.M.,Hazewinkel,H.A.,Heuven,H.C.: :
Breeding implications resulting from classification of patellae luxation in dogs. J Anim Breed Genet 133:316-22, 2016. Pubmed reference: 26403830 . DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12185 . |
| 2014 |
Kalff,S.,Butterworth,S.J.,Miller,A.,Keeley,B.,Baines,S.,McKee,W.M.: :
Lateral patellar luxation in dogs: a retrospective study of 65 dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 27:, 2014. Pubmed reference: 24441512 . DOI: 10.3415/VCOT-13-05-0064 . |
| 2014 |
Shaver,S.L.,Mayhew,K.N.,Sutton,J.S.,Mayhew,P.D.,Runge,J.J.,Brown,D.C.,Kass,P.H.: :
Complications after corrective surgery for lateral patellar luxation in dogs: 36 cases (2000-2011). J Am Vet Med Assoc 244:444-8, 2014. Pubmed reference: 24479459 . DOI: 10.2460/javma.244.4.444 . |
| 2014 |
Stanke,N.J.,Stephenson,N.,Hayashi,K.: :
Retrospective risk factor assessment for complication following tibial tuberosity transposition in 137 canine stifles with medial patellar luxation. Can Vet J 55:349-56, 2014. Pubmed reference: 24688134 . |
| 2013 |
Bellumori,T.P.,Famula,T.R.,Bannasch,D.L.,Belanger,J.M.,Oberbauer,A.M.: :
Prevalence of inherited disorders among mixed-breed and purebred dogs: 27,254 cases (1995-2010). J Am Vet Med Assoc 242:1549-55, 2013. Pubmed reference: 23683021 . DOI: 10.2460/javma.242.11.1549 . |
| 2013 |
Lavrijsen,I.C.,Heuven,H.C.,Breur,G.J.,Leegwater,P.A.,Meutstege,F.J.,Hazewinkel,H.A.: :
Phenotypic and genetic trends of patellar luxation in Dutch Flat-Coated Retrievers. Anim Genet :, 2013. Pubmed reference: 24033452 . DOI: 10.1111/age.12077 . |
| 2013 |
Soontornvipart,K.,Wangdee,C.,Kalpravidh,M.,Brahmasa,A.,Sarikaputi,M.,Temwichitr,J.,Lavrijsen,I.C.,Theyse,L.F.,Leegwater,P.A.,Hazewinkel,H.A.: :
Incidence and genetic aspects of patellar luxation in Pomeranian dogs in Thailand. Vet J 196:122-5, 2013. Pubmed reference: 22939087 . DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.07.027 . |
| 2012 |
Fitzpatrick,C.L.,Krotscheck,U.,Thompson,M.S.,Todhunter,R.J.,Zhang,Z.: :
Evaluation of tibial torsion in Yorkshire Terriers with and without medial patellar luxation. Vet Surg 41:966-72, 2012. Pubmed reference: 23198923 . DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950X.2012.01041.x . |
| 2009 |
Bound,N.,Zakai,D.,Butterworth,S.J.,Pead,M.: :
The prevalence of canine patellar luxation in three centres. Clinical features and radiographic evidence of limb deviation. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 22:32-7, 2009. Pubmed reference: 19151868 . |
| 2009 |
Chase,K.,Jones,P.,Martin,A.,Ostrander,EA.,Lark,KG.: :
Genetic Mapping of Fixed Phenotypes: Disease Frequency as a Breed Characteristic. J Hered :, 2009. Pubmed reference: 19321632 . DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esp011 . |
| 2009 |
Daems,R.,Janssens,L.A.,Béosier,Y.M.: :
Grossly apparent cartilage erosion of the patellar articular surface in dogs with congenital medial patellar luxation. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 22:222-4, 2009. Pubmed reference: 19448865 . DOI: 10.3415/VCOT-07-08-0076 . |
| 2009 |
Mortari,A.C.,Rahal,S.C.,Vulcano,L.C.,daSilva,V.C.,Volpi,R.S.: :
Use of radiographic measurements in the evaluation of dogs with medial patellar luxation. Can Vet J 50:1064-8, 2009. Pubmed reference: 20046606 . |
| 2008 |
Mostafa,A.A.,Griffon,D.J.,Thomas,M.W.,Constable,P.D.: :
Proximodistal alignment of the canine patella: radiographic evaluation and association with medial and lateral patellar luxation. Vet Surg 37:201-11, 2008. Pubmed reference: 18394065 . DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950X.2008.00367.x . |
| 2007 |
Alam,M.R.,Lee,J.I.,Kang,H.S.,Kim,I.S.,Park,S.Y.,Lee,K.C.,Kim,N.S.: :
Frequency and distribution of patellar luxation in dogs. 134 cases (2000 to 2005). Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 20:59-64, 2007. Pubmed reference: 17364098 . |
| 2006 |
Gibbons,S.E.,Macias,C.,Tonzing,M.A.,Pinchbeck,G.L.,McKee,W.M.: :
Patellar luxation in 70 large breed dogs. J Small Anim Pract 47:3-9, 2006. Pubmed reference: 16417603 . DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2006.00004.x . |
| 2006 |
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| 2006 |
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| 2006 |
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| 2005 |
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| 2002 |
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| 2002 |
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| 2002 |
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| 2002 |
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| 2001 |
Kaiser,S.,Cornely,D.,Golder,W.,Garner,M.,Waibl,H.,Brunnberg,L.: :
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| 2000 |
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| 2000 |
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Rectangular recession trochleoplasty for treatment of patellar luxation in dogs and cats Veterinary & Comparative Orthopaedics & Traumatology 13:39-43, 2000. |
| 1999 |
Hewicker-Trautwein,M.,Carter,S.D.,Bennett,D.,Kelly,D.F.: :
Immunocytochemical demonstration of lymphocyte subsets and MHC class II antigen expression in synovial membranes from dogs with rheumatoid arthritis and degenerative joint disease Veterinary Immunology & Immunopathology 67:341-357, 1999. |
| 1999 |
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| 1999 |
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| 1998 |
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| 1997 |
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| 1997 |
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| 1997 |
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| 1995 |
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| 1995 |
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| 1995 |
Derooster,H.,Vanbree,H.: :
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| 1995 |
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| 1994 |
Hayes,A.G.,Boudrieau,R.J.,Hungerford,L.L.: :
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| 1994 |
Seguin,B.,Harari,J.: :
Trochlear Wedge Recession for the Treatment of Patellar Luxation Canine Practice 19:24-27, 1994. |
| 1993 |
Garlick,M.H.,Thiemann,A.K.: :
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| 1993 |
Roush,J.K.: :
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| 1993 |
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| 1993 |
Schmokel,H.G.,Montavon,P.M.: :
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| 1992 |
Remedios,A.M.,Basher,A.W.P.,Runyon,C.L.,Fries,C.L.: :
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