The detail information of Glaucoma
Basic Information

Disease Description: Abnormally high pressure in the eye.

Inherit Mode: Inherited open angle glaucoma is an autosomal recessive trait in beagles. Narrow angle glaucoma is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait in the Welsh springer spaniel. The mode of inheritance for glaucoma in other breeds has not been identified.

Disease Symptom: Primary open angle glaucoma develops slowly over weeks to months. With closed angle glaucoma, which is much more common, there is usually a sudden, rapid elevation in the pressure within the eye. This affects all the structures in the eye. The effects on the optic nerve and retina cause loss of vision. Glaucoma is moderately to extremely painful. The eye may be red and your dog may paw at it, or rub his or her head along the carpet. The eye may look cloudy due to swelling of the cornea and your dog will be very sensitive to light. The affected eye may seem larger, or appear to bulge out, relative to the other eye. Other more general signs of pain include loss of appetite and depression. Glaucoma is an emergency.Treatment must be started as soon as possible if your dog's sight is to be saved. Irreversible damage to the retina and optic nerve occur within a few hours of significant elevation of the intraocular pressure.

Disease Cause: -

Disease Diagnose: Glaucoma is one of the conditions your veterinarian will suspect if your dog has a painful eye. It is diagnosed by measuring the intraocular pressure with a tonometer. This can usually be done with local anaesthetic drops placed in your dog's eye. To determine the type of glaucoma, gonioscopy is used to measure the iridocorneal angle.

Treat Method: Preserving vision in an eye with glaucoma is difficult and requires aggressive medical and surgical therapy. Your veterinarian may choose to provide initial emergency medical therapy and refer you immediately to a larger veterinary centre. Treatment depends on several factors - the type of glaucoma present, the degree of elevation of IOP, and the extent of visual impairment. Primary open angle glaucoma tends to be slower in onset and may, at least initially, be controlled by medical therapy (drugs) alone. With closed angle glaucoma, which is much more common, there is usually a sudden, rapid elevation in IOP. Ultimately, most forms of glaucoma require surgery. If vision is present or has just recently been lost, a combination of medical and surgical therapy will be used to try and maintain your dog's sight . Aggressive medical therapy (meaning a combination of anti-glaucoma drugs administered frequently and monitored closely) is used to reduce IOP prior to surgery to prevent further damage to the eye. Some of these drugs will be used as well for additional minor IOP reductions following surgery. The aim of surgery in an eye that is still visual (or potentially visual) is to decrease the production of fluid within the eye, and to improve the drainage from the eye. There are a few different methods that a veterinary ophthalmologist can use to achieve this. If the eye is irretrievably blind, glaucoma can be treated by removing the globe of the eye (enucleation). This will eliminate the pain for your dog. There are also procedures that can be done that preserve the globe such as placing a prosthesis. Inherited glaucoma usually occurs in both eyes eventually. Your veterinarian will monitor the pressure in the other eye regularly, and discuss with you recognition of early signs of glaucoma. He or she may also recommend preventive medication for the unaffected eye.

Breeder Advice: Animals of predisposed breeds should be screened for glaucoma before being used for breeding. Affected dogs and their close relatives should not be bred. Unfortunately, glaucoma does not generally become apparent until after breeding age has been reached, usually 3 years of age or greater.

Disease Description Source: Link

Associated Diseases
Disease Name Other Name Mode of inheritance Link ID Possible OMIM ID Gene
Glaucoma, generic - - -
Glaucoma, primary open angle, ADAMTS10-related Primary open angle glaucoma Autosomal Recessive ADAMTS10
Glaucoma, primary closed-angle - Autosomal Recessive - NEB
Glaucoma, primary open angle, ADAMTS17-related - Autosomal Recessive ADAMTS17
Glaucoma, primary open angle - - - -
Associated Breeds
iDog Breed Number Breed Name Personality Height Weight Breed Source
CB2 Afghan Hound Independent, sweet, silly 63.5-68.6 cm 22.7-27.2 kg Afghanistan
CB4 Akita Dignified, courageous, and profoundly loyal to their humans 66-71.1 cm (male), 61-66 cm (female) 45.4-59 kg (male), 31.8-45.4 kg (female) Japan
CB5 Alaskan Malamute Affectionate, loyal, playful but dignified 63.5 cm (male), 58.4 cm (female) 38.6 kg (male), 34 kg (female) United States
CB22 Basset Hound Patient and low-key; a bit stubborn but always charming up to 38.1 cm 18.1-29.5 kg France
CB23 Bavarian Mountain Scent Hound Loyal, Versatile, Reserved with Strangers 17-20.5 inches 37-66 pound
CB24 English Beagle Merry, friendly, and curious 33 cm & under 33-38.1 cm under 9.1 kg (5.9 inches & under), 9.1-13.6 kg (5.9-6.8 inches) United Kingdom (England)
CB25 Bearded Collie Bouncy, charismatic, friendly; smart, but also stubborn and independent 53.3-55.9 cm (male), 50.8-53.3 cm (female) 20.4-24.9 kg United Kingdom (Scotland)
CB27 Bedlington Terrier Rollicking, charming, and full of fun; a loyal member of the family 40.6-44.5 cm (male), 38.1-41.9 cm (female) 7.7-10.4 kg United Kingdom
CB46 Boston Terrier Friendly, bright, amusing, and adaptable. 38.1-43.2 cm 4.5-11.3 kg United States
CB47 Bouvier des Flandres(Flanders Cattle Dog) Strong-willed, even-tempered, courageous; affectionate with family, intimidating to intruders 62.2-69.9 cm (male), 59.7-67.3 cm (female) 31.8-49.9 kg Belgium
CB54 Brittany Bright, upbeat, fun-loving at home; a tireless, enthusiastic worker afield 44.5-52.1 cm 13.6-18.1 kg France
CB60 Cairn Terrier Cheerful, alert, busy and independent-minded 25.4 cm (male), 24.1 cm (female) 6.4 kg (male), 5.9 kg (female) United Kingdom (Scotland)
CB61 Canaan Dog Alert, vigilant, territorial; docile with family, aloof with strangers 50.8-61 cm (male), 48.3-58.4 cm (female) 20.4-24.9 kg (male), 15.9-20.4 kg (female) Middle East Lebanon - Israel
CB64 Carolina Dog Loyal, Independent, Reserved with Strangers 17.75-19.5 inches 30-55 pounds United States
CB71 Chihuahua Graceful, charming, and sassy. 15.2-22.9 cm 1.4-2.7 kg Mexico
CB72 Chinese Crested Lively, alert, and affectionate 27.9-33 cm 3.6-5.4 kg Africa, Mexico
CB73 Chinese Shar-Pei Steadfastly devoted to loved ones, but standoffish and lordly toward strangers 45.7-50.8 cm 20.4-27.2 kg China
CB74 Chinook Patient, smart, willing to please; a devoted family dog 61-66 cm (male), 55.9-61 cm (female) 24.9-40.8 kg (male), 22.7-29.5 kg (female) United States
CB75 Chow Chow Serious-minded, dignified, bright, and aloof 43.2-50.8 cm 20.4-31.8 kg China
CB76 Cirneco dell'Etna Affectionate, Friendly, Independent 18-19.5 inches (male), 16.5-18 inches (female) 22-26 pounds (male), 17-22 pounds (female) Italy
CB78 Cocker Spaniel Happy, smart, gentle 36.8-39.4 cm (male), 34.3-36.8 cm (female) 11.3-13.6 kg (male), 9.1-11.3 kg (female)
CB83 Dachshund Friendly, Curious, Spunky 20.3-22.9 cm (standard), 12.7-15.2 cm (miniature) 7.3-14.5 kg (standard), 5 kg & under (miniature) Germany
CB84 Dalmatian Stable, Outgoing;Dignified but never shy 48.3-61 cm 20.4-31.8 kg Croatia
CB85 Dandie Dinmont Terrier Independent, proud, smart; affectionate at home, bold and tenacious in the field 20.3-27.9 cm 8.2-10.9 kg United Kingdom (Scotland)
CB86 Danish-Swedish Farmdog Energetic, Trainable, Attentive 34-37cm (male), 32-35 cm (female) 6.8-9 kg Denmark, Sweden
CB94 English Cocker Spaniel Merry and responsive, alive with energy 40.6-43.2 cm (male), 38.1-40.6 cm (female) 12.7-15.4 kg (male), 11.8-14.5 kg (female) United Kingdom (England)
CB95 English Foxhound Affectionate, Gentle, Sociable 61 cm 27.2-34 kg United Kingdom (England)
CB97 English Springer Spaniel Friendly, playful, obedient at home; hardworking and steady in the field 50.8 cm (male), 48.3 cm (female) 22.7 kg (male), 18.1 kg (female) United Kingdom (England)
CB98 English Toy Spaniel Affectionate, Alert, Merry 22.9-25.4 cm 3.6-6.4 kg England
CB115 Irish Glen of Imaal Terrier Gentler, less excitable than most terriers, but still bold and spirited 31.8-35.6 cm 14.5-18.1 kg Ireland
CB119 Great Dane Friendly, patient, & dependable. 76.2-86.4 cm (male), 71.1-81.3 cm (female) 54.4-90.7 kg (male), 44.9-59 kg (female) Germany
CB120 Great Pyrenees Calm, patient, smart; strong-willed yet affectionate 68.6-81.3 cm (male), 63.5-73.7 cm (female) 45.4 kg & up (male), 38.6 kg & up (female) France, Spain
CB136 German Jagdterrier Courageous, Intelligent, Hardworking 33-40cm 7.7-9.9kg Germany
CB141 Keeshond Outgoing, lively, friendly to all; a lover, not a fighter 45.7 cm (male), 43.2 cm (female) 15.9-20.4 kg Netherlands, Germany
CB142 Irish Blue Terrier Smart and alert; people oriented, with a dash of Irish humor in his heart 45.7-49.5 cm (male), 44.5-48.3 cm (female) 15-18.1 kg (male), females weigh slightly less than males Ireland
CB155 Maltese Gentle, playful, affectionate; fearless in a charming toy-dog way. 20.3-25.4 cm 2.7-3.6 kg Italy
CB156 Manchester Terrier Spirited, bright, keenly observant; dead loyal, in an independent terrier way 38.1-40.6 cm 5.4-10 kg (standard) United Kingdom (England)
CB161 Miniature Schnauzer Friendly, smart, obedient 30.5-35.6 cm 5-9.1 kg Germany
CB167 Norfolk Terrier Alert, fearless, fun-loving, and more sociable than the usual terrier 22.9-25.4 cm 5-5.4 kg United Kingdom
CB170 Norwegian Elkhound Confident, dependable; dignified but friendly 52.1 cm (male), 49.5 cm (female) 24.9 kg (male), 21.8 kg (female) Norway
CB171 Norwegian Lundehund Loving and loyal, also brave, tenacious, and a bit stubborn 33-38.1 cm (male), 30.5-35.6 cm (female) 9.1-13.6 kg Norway
CB209 Saluki Gentle, dignified, loyal but independent-minded 58.4-71.1 cm (male), considerably smaller (female) 18.1-29.5 kg Fertile Crescent
CB210 Samoyed Gentle, adaptable, eager, friendly; conservative but never shy 53.3-59.7 cm (male), 48.3-53.3 cm (female) 20.4-29.5 kg (male), 15.9-22.7 kg (female) Russia
CB211 Schapendoes Friendly, high spirited, and affectionate Netherlands
CB215 Sealyham Terrier Alert and outgoing; stubbornness is tempered by a sly sense of humor 26.7 cm 10.4-10.9 kg (male), slightly less (females) United Kingdom (Wales)
CB216 Shetland Shepherd Dog Bright, playful, and energetic 33-40.6 cm 6.8-11.3 kg United Kingdom (Scotland)
CB220 Siberian Husky Friendly, gentle, dignified; alert, but not aggressive. 53.3-61 cm (male), 50.8-55.9 cm (female) 20-27.2 kg (male), 15.9-23.1 kg (female) Russia
CB221 Silky Terrier Friendly, vivacious, cheeky; in all ways a true terrier 22.9-25.4 cm around 4.5 kg Australia
CB227 Smooth Fox Terrier Friendly and family oriented; bright enough to have a mind of their own Not exceeding 39 cm in dogs, bitches slightly less. Dogs: 7,5 - 8 kgs.Bitches: 7 - 7,5 kgs United Kingdom (England)
CB228 Soft-Coated Wheaten Terrier Happy, friendly, and deeply devoted; just stubborn enough to remind you they’re terriers 45.7-48.3 cm (male), 43.2-45.7 cm (female) 15.9-18.1 kg (male), 13.6-15.9 kg (female) Ireland
CB253 Welsh Springer Spaniel Happy, upbeat, family oriented; reserved but not shy with strangers 45.7-48.3 cm (male), 43.2-45.7 cm (female) 18.1-24.9 kg (male), 15.9-22.7 kg (female) United Kingdom (Wales)
CB254 Welsh Terrier As alert and spirited as any self-respecting terrier, but a bit calmer than most 38.1 cm (male), porportionally smaller (female) 9.1 kg, porportionally smaller (female) United Kingdom (Wales)
CB255 West Highland White Terrier Happy, smart, loyal, entertaining 27.9 cm (male). 25.4 cm, female 6.8-9.1 kg United Kingdom (Scotland)
CB257 Wire-Haired Fox Terrier Alert, quick of movement, keen of expression, on tiptoe of expectation at slightest provocation. Friendly, forthcoming and fearless. 39 cm 8.25 kg United Kingdom (England)
CB258 Wire-Haired Pointing Griffon Outgoing, eager, quick-minded; trustworthy in the field and around the house Netherlands, France
CB268 Miniature Poodle Intelligent, Eager-to-please , Charming companion 25-38 cm 4.5-6.8kg France&Germany
CB269 Standard Poodle Intelligent and quick-to-please 56-66 cm
CB270 Toy Poodle Intelligent, eager to please, quick to learn and an affectionate, loyal pet. under 25 cm
References
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Glaucoma-causing <i>ADAMTS17</i> mutations are also reproducibly associated with height in two domestic dog breeds: selection for short stature may have contributed to increased prevalence of glaucoma. Canine Genet Epidemiol 6:5, 2019.
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2015 Ahram,D.F.,Grozdanic,S.D.,Kecova,H.,Henkes,A.,Collin,R.W.,Kuehn,M.H.: :
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2015 Pearl,R.,Gould,D.,Spiess,B.,Pearl,R.,Gould,D.,Spiess,B.: :
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A Novel Genome-Wide Association Study Approach Using Genotyping by Exome Sequencing Leads to the Identification of a Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Associated Inversion Disrupting ADAMTS17. PLoS One 10:e0143546, 2015.
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2014 Chen,T.,Gionfriddo,J.R.,Tai,P.Y.,Novakowski,A.N.,Alyahya,K.,Madl,J.E.: :
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2013 Palko,J.R.,Iwabe,S.,Pan,X.,Agarwal,G.,Komáromy,A.M.,Liu,J.: :
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2011 Strom,A.R.,Hässig,M.,Iburg,T.M.,Spiess,B.M.: :
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2010 Grozdanic,SD.,Kecova,H.,Harper,MM.,Nilaweera,W.,Kuehn,MH.,Kardon,RH.: :
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2009 Dzanis,D.: :
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2009 Esson,D.,Armour,M.,Mundy,P.,Schobert,C.S.,Dubielzig,R.R.: :
The histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of pigmentary and cystic glaucoma in the Golden Retriever. Vet Ophthalmol 12:361-8, 2009.
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2009 Reinstein,S.,Rankin,A.,Allbaugh,R.: :
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2009 Reinstein,S.,Rankin,A.,Allbaugh,R.: :
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2009 Kato,K.,Kamida,A.,Sasaki,N.,Shastry,BS.: :
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2008 Mackay,E.O.,Källberg,M.E.,Gelatt,K.N.: :
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2006 Kato,K.,Sasaki,N.,Matsunaga,S.,Mochizuki,M.,Nishimura,R.,Ogawa,H.: :
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2005 Sapienza,JS.,vanderWoerdt,A.: :
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2004 Gelatt,K.N.,MacKay,E.O.: :
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2002 Bjerkas,E.,Ekesten,B.,Farstad,W.: :
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1998 Read,R.A.,Wood,J.L.,Lakhani,K.H.: :
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1998 Wood,J.L.,Lakhani,K.H.,Read,R.A.: :
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1995 Brooks,D.E.,Strubbe,D.T.,Kubilis,P.S.,Mackay,E.O.,Samuelson,D.A.,Gelatt,K.N.: :
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1987 vanderLinde-Sipman,J.S.: :
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1986 Hedhammar,A.: :
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1981 Gelatt,K.N.,Gum,G.G.: :
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1980 Peiffer,R.L.,Gum,G.G.,Grimson,R.C.,Gelatt,K.N.: :
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1972 Gelatt,K.N.: :
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1968 Martin,C.L.,Wyman,M.: :
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1967 Roberts,S.R.: :
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1964 Lovekin,L.G.: :
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