Abbreviated Name: PPM
Disease Description: A developmental abnormality where the membrane forming the iris does not form properly.
Inherit Mode: Inheritance is not defined.
Disease Symptom: Generally persistent pupillary membranes cause no problems. However if attached to the cornea or lens, the strands can cause opacities which may interfere with vision. The cataracts that can occur with PPM usually don't worsen.
Disease Cause: -
Disease Diagnose: PPM are seen in young dogs. You or your veterinarian may notice small white spots in your dog's eyes, or you may suspect that your dog's vision is impaired if the condition is severe. With an ophthalmoscope, your veterinarian will be able to see the membranous strands, and whether they adhere to the lens or cornea.
Treat Method: There is no treatment for the membranes themselves and in most cases there are no associated problems. If there is significant edema or "bluing" of the cornea due to adhesions, hyperosmotic eyedrops may help. Surgery may be required if there are extensive cataracts.
Breeder Advice: This is a particularly common defect in basenjis. Affected dogs and their close relatives should not be used for breeding. Ideally, all basenjis, even those not obviously affected, should have careful ophthalmic examinations for PPM before their use in a breeding programme. The defect is also significant in Welsh corgis (Pembroke and Cardigan), chow chows, and mastiffs. Affected dogs and their close relatives should not be used for breeding. In other breeds, parents and siblings of affected dogs should be examined ophthalmoscopically. If close relatives are affected, breeding is discouraged. Where PPM appears to be an isolated incident, breeders may use their discretion.
Disease Description Source: Link
iDog Breed Number | Breed Name | Personality | Height | Weight | Breed Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CB2 | Afghan Hound | Independent, sweet, silly | 63.5-68.6 cm | 22.7-27.2 kg | Afghanistan |
CB15 | Australian Cattle Dog | Alert, curious, and pleasant | 45.7-50.8 cm (male), 43.2-48.3 cm (female) | 15.9-22.7 kg | Australia |
CB16 | Australian Shepherd | Smart, work-oriented, exuberant | 50.8-58.4 cm (male), 45.7-53.3 cm (female) | 24.9-31.8 kg (male), 15.9-24.9 kg (female) | United States |
CB17 | Australian Terrier | Affectionate, Courageous, Spirited | 25.4-27.9 cm | 5.4-8.2 kg | Australia |
CB20 | Basenji(African Barkless Dog) | Smart, independent, alert, and poised; affectionate with friends, aloof with strangers | 43.2 cm (male), 40.6 cm (female) | 10.9 kg (male), 10 kg (female) | Democratic Republic of the Congo |
CB21 | Basset Fauve de Bretagne(Fawn Brittany Basset) | Smart, Cheerful, Determined | 32–38 cm (13–15 in) | France | |
CB23 | Bavarian Mountain Scent Hound | Loyal, Versatile, Reserved with Strangers | 17-20.5 inches | 37-66 pound | |
CB25 | Bearded Collie | Bouncy, charismatic, friendly; smart, but also stubborn and independent | 53.3-55.9 cm (male), 50.8-53.3 cm (female) | 20.4-24.9 kg | United Kingdom (Scotland) |
CB26 | Beauceron(French Short-Haired Shepherd Dog) | Smart, obedient, gentle; reserved with strangers, loving and eager to please with preferred humans | 64.8-69.9 cm (male), 61-67.3 cm (female) | 31.8-49.9 kg | France |
CB40 | Bluetick Coonhound | Smart,Fearless | 55.9-68.6 cm (male), 53.3-63.5 cm (female) | 24.9-36.3 kg (male), 20.4-29.5 kg (female) | United States |
CB58 | English Bulldog | Calm, courageous, and friendly; dignified but amusing. | 35.6-38.1 cm | 22.7 kg (male), 18.1 kg (female) | United Kingdom (England) |
CB60 | Cairn Terrier | Cheerful, alert, busy and independent-minded | 25.4 cm (male), 24.1 cm (female) | 6.4 kg (male), 5.9 kg (female) | United Kingdom (Scotland) |
CB63 | Cardigan Welsh Corgi | Loyal, affectionate, and smart; even-tempered, never shy | 26.7-31.8 cm | 13.6-17.2 kg (male), 11.3-15.4 kg (female) | Wales |
CB64 | Carolina Dog | Loyal, Independent, Reserved with Strangers | 17.75-19.5 inches | 30-55 pounds | United States |
CB75 | Chow Chow | Serious-minded, dignified, bright, and aloof | 43.2-50.8 cm | 20.4-31.8 kg | China |
CB76 | Cirneco dell'Etna | Affectionate, Friendly, Independent | 18-19.5 inches (male), 16.5-18 inches (female) | 22-26 pounds (male), 17-22 pounds (female) | Italy |
CB78 | Cocker Spaniel | Happy, smart, gentle | 36.8-39.4 cm (male), 34.3-36.8 cm (female) | 11.3-13.6 kg (male), 9.1-11.3 kg (female) | |
CB79 | Collie | Graceful, devoted, and proud | 61-66 cm (male), 55.9-61 cm (female) | 27.2-34 kg (male), 22.7-29.5 kg (female) | |
CB80 | Coton de Tulear | Bright, happy-go-lucky, endlessly charming; born to love and to be loved | 25.4-27.9 cm (male), 22.9-25.4 cm (female) | 4.1-6.8 kg (male), 3.6-5.9 kg (female) | Madagascar |
CB86 | Danish-Swedish Farmdog | Energetic, Trainable, Attentive | 34-37cm (male), 32-35 cm (female) | 6.8-9 kg | Denmark, Sweden |
CB89 | Dogo Argentino | Loyal, trustworthy,courageous | 61-68.6 cm (male), 59.7-66 cm (female) | 36.3-45.4 kg | Argentina |
CB94 | English Cocker Spaniel | Merry and responsive, alive with energy | 40.6-43.2 cm (male), 38.1-40.6 cm (female) | 12.7-15.4 kg (male), 11.8-14.5 kg (female) | United Kingdom (England) |
CB95 | English Foxhound | Affectionate, Gentle, Sociable | 61 cm | 27.2-34 kg | United Kingdom (England) |
CB98 | English Toy Spaniel | Affectionate, Alert, Merry | 22.9-25.4 cm | 3.6-6.4 kg | England |
CB123 | Hamiltonstovare(Hamilton Hound) | Agile, Versatile, Regal | 53-61cm (male) 49-57cm (female) | 18-26kg | Sweden |
CB126 | Ainu-ken(Hokkaido) | Dignified, Alert, Devoted | 48.5-51.5cm (male) 45.5-48.5cm (female) | Japan | |
CB131 | Irish Setter | Outgoing, sweet-natured, active, and trainable | 68.6 cm (male), 63.5 cm (female) | 31.8 kg (male), 27.2 kg (female) | Ireland |
CB132 | Irish Terrier | Bold, dashing, even reckless; stouthearted at work, tenderhearted at home | 45.7 cm | 12.2 kg (male), 11.3 kg (female) | Ireland |
CB134 | Irish Wolfhound | Calm, dignified, kindly; courageous but not aggressive | 81.3 cm minimum (male), 76.2 cm minimum (female) | 54.4 kg (male), 47.6 kg (female) | Ireland |
CB147 | Labrador Retriever | Friendly and outgoing, Labs play well with others | 57.2-62.2 cm (male), 54.6-59.7 cm (female) | 29.5-36.3 kg (male), 24.9-31.8 kg (female) | Canada, United Kingdom (England) |
CB148 | Lagotto Romagnolo(Romagna Water Dog) | Easygoing, affectionate, and eager to please | 43.2-48.3 cm (male), 40.6-45.7 cm (female) | 12.9-15.9 kg (male), 10.9-14.1 kg (female) | Italy |
CB150 | Lancashire Heeler | Affectionate, Versatile, Intelligent | 25.4-35cm | 4-7.7kg | United Kingdom (England) |
CB157 | English Mastiff | Courageous and dignified, but good-natured and docile | 76.2 cm & up (male), 69.9 cm & up (female) | 72.6-104.3 kg (male), 54.4-77.1 kg (female) | England |
CB158 | Miniature American Shepherd Dog | Smart, watchful, lively; a loyal snuggler when off-duty | 35.6-45.7 cm (male), 33-43.2 cm (female) | 9.1-18.1 kg | United States |
CB159 | Miniature Bull Terrier | Upbeat, mischievous, comical, with terrier fire and fearlessness | 25.4-35.6 cm | 8.2-12.7 kg | United Kingdom (England) |
CB165 | Nederlandse Kooikerhondje(Nederlandse Little Cager Dog) | Friendly, Alert, Quick | 38-43.2cm (male) 35.6-41cm (female) | Netherlands | |
CB173 | Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever | Smart, outgoing, busy; as affectionate and eager to please as any good retriever | 45.7-53.3 cm (male), 43.2-50.8 cm (female) | 15.9-22.7 kg | Canada |
CB179 | Pembroke Welsh Corgi | Smart and alert, affectionate but not pushy, bold but kindly. | 25.4-30.5 cm | up to 13.6 kg (male), up to 12.7 kg (female) | United Kingdom(Wales) |
CB180 | Perro de Presa Canario(Canary Mastiff) | Confident, Calm, Strong-Willed | 22-26 inches | 84-110 pounds | Spain |
CB194 | Portuguese Water Dog | Affectionate, Adventurous, Athletic | 50.8-58.4 cm (male), 43.2-53.3 cm (female) | 19.1-27.2 kg (male), 15.9-22.7 kg (female) | Portugal |
CB195 | Pudelpointer | Friendly, Smart, Willing to Please | 22-26 inches | 45-70 pounds | Germany |
CB205 | Rottweiler | Reserved with strangers and affectionate and loyal with his family. | 61-68.6 cm (male), 55.9-63.5 cm (female) | 49.9-59 kg (male), 34.9-49.9 kg (female) | Germany |
CB206 | Russell Terrier | Alert, lively, inquisitive, and friendly | 25.4-30.5 cm | 4.1-6.8 kg | United Kingdom (England) |
CB210 | Samoyed | Gentle, adaptable, eager, friendly; conservative but never shy | 53.3-59.7 cm (male), 48.3-53.3 cm (female) | 20.4-29.5 kg (male), 15.9-22.7 kg (female) | Russia |
CB211 | Schapendoes | Friendly, high spirited, and affectionate | Netherlands | ||
CB213 | Scottish Deerhound | Dignified, gentle, polite; quietly intelligent and perceptive | 76.2-81.3 cm (male), 71.1 cm & up (female) | 38.6-49.9 kg (male), 34-43.1 kg (female) | United Kingdom (Scotland) |
CB214 | Scottish Terrier | Independent, confident, and never shy; spirited but dignified | 25.4 cm | 8.6-10 kg (male), 8.2-9.5 kg (female) | United Kingdom (Scotland) |
CB216 | Shetland Shepherd Dog | Bright, playful, and energetic | 33-40.6 cm | 6.8-11.3 kg | United Kingdom (Scotland) |
CB217 | Japanese Shiba Inu | Alert, active, and attentive | 35.6-43.2 cm (male), 33-40.6 cm (female) | 8.2-10.9 kg (male), 6.8-9.1 kg (female) | Japan |
CB221 | Silky Terrier | Friendly, vivacious, cheeky; in all ways a true terrier | 22.9-25.4 cm | around 4.5 kg | Australia |
CB222 | Skye Terrier | Plucky but dignified, calm but sometimes stubborn; famously loyal and devoted | 25.4 cm (male), 24.1 cm (female) | 15.9-20.4 kg (male), slightly lighter (female) | United Kingdom (Scotland) |
CB229 | Spanish Mastiff | Aloof, dignified, calm and intelligent | Spain | ||
CB242 | Tibetan Mastiff | Mellow and calm around the house; devoted to family, reserved and territorial with strangers. | 66-76.2 cm (male), 61-71.1 cm (female) | 45.4-72.6 kg (male), 34-54.4 kg (female) | Tibet |
CB245 | Tornjak(Bosnian and Herzegovinian–Croatian Shepherd Dog) | Calm, peaceful | Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia | ||
CB254 | Welsh Terrier | As alert and spirited as any self-respecting terrier, but a bit calmer than most | 38.1 cm (male), porportionally smaller (female) | 9.1 kg, porportionally smaller (female) | United Kingdom (Wales) |
CB255 | West Highland White Terrier | Happy, smart, loyal, entertaining | 27.9 cm (male). 25.4 cm, female | 6.8-9.1 kg | United Kingdom (Scotland) |
CB256 | English Whippet | Calm, affectionate, and playful | 48.3-55.9 cm (male), 45.7-53.3 cm (female) | 11.3-18.1 kg | England |
CB263 | Akbash Dog | Calm, quiet, and steady.,independent ,loyal, gentle, and quietly affectionate with its own family, including children and family pets, but remains aloof and suspicious toward strangers. | 76.2-86.4 cm (male), 71.1-81.3 cm (female) | 54.4 kg (male), 40.8 kg (female) | Turkey |
CB269 | Standard Poodle | Intelligent and quick-to-please | 56-66 cm |
1991 |
Gelatt, K.N. :
Veterinary Ophthalmology Lea and Febiger. |