Metastatic melanoma and rare melanoma variants: a review.

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Lori Lowe

Author Information

Lori Lowe: Pathology and Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Electronic address: lorilowe@med.umich.edu.

PMID: 36641376 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2022.11.006

The histopathological diagnosis of melanoma is fraught with potential pitfalls. In the setting of cutaneous metastatic melanoma, it is important to recognise the various histological patterns that can be encountered from the more common to the rare, including epidermotropic, folliculotropic, naevoid, and blue naevus-like. In addition, melanoma is notorious for phenotypic plasticity. Thus, there are many different subtypes and cytomorphological variations that can be difficult to recognise as melanoma, particularly in the recurrent or metastatic setting. Select melanoma variants including primary dermal, clear cell, plasmacytoid, signet ring cell, small cell, myxoid, rhabdoid, and dedifferentiated melanoma will be discussed, in addition to composite melanocytic neoplasms. This review is intended to remind the practitioner of key concepts of metastatic disease and select rare melanoma variants, while providing practical guidelines for accurate diagnosis.

Melanoma clear cell melanoma composite melanocytic tumours metastatic melanoma plasmacytoid melanoma primary dermal melanoma rare melanoma variants signet ring cell melanoma small cell melanoma undifferentiated melanoma

Humans

Diagnosis, Differential

Melanoma

Skin Neoplasms

Nevus, Blue

Neoplasms, Second Primary

Journal Article Review

Primary Dermal Melanoma: A Rare Clinicopathological Variant Mimicking Metastatic Melanoma.Rare variants of malignant melanoma.A Rare Case of Metastatic Adrenal Melanoma.Rare Pulmonary Manifestations of Metastatic Malignant Melanoma.Epidermotropically metastatic breast carcinomas. Rare histopathologic variants mimicking melanoma and Paget's disease.A Rare Metastatic Primary Rectal Melanoma in a Geriatric Male.Folliculotropic metastatic melanoma: a distinct variant of metastatic melanoma.Pseudoglandular-type melanoma: a rare melanoma variant.Metastatic primary gastric melanoma: a rare clinical presentation and a review of literature.A rare case of melanoma recurring as subcutaneous metastatic melanoma with overlying ecchymoses.

Is It Time to Supersede the Diagnostic Term "Melanoma In Situ with Regression?" A Narrative Review.Primary lipoblastic nerve sheath tumor in an inguinal lymph node mimicking metastatic tumor: a case report and literature review.Artemisinin Suppressed Melanoma Recurrence and Metastasis after Radical Surgery through the KIT/PI3K/AKT Pathway.Hesperidin from Orange Peel as a Promising Skincare Bioactive: An Overview.Regulatory Role of IL6 in Immune-Related Adverse Events during Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment in Melanoma.

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