- Abigail White: Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Electronic address: Awhite2@ualberta.ca.
- Muller Moran: Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
Cardiac surgery has advanced with novel techniques and growing patient complexity. Surgical training has gone in the opposite direction with reduced duty hours and an increased emphasis on activities outside the operating room, leaving graduating trainees ill-prepared for independent practice. Herein, we discuss the issues with contemporary-based surgical education.