Disease Ontology ID: DDTO:0001106
Disease Description: A particular kind of malformation of the vertebra where only half of the structure is formed.
Inherit Mode: The condition is autosomal recessive in the German short-haired pointer and German shepherd. The mode of inheritance is unknown in other breeds.
Disease Symptom: A hemivertebra does not necessarily cause problemsfor your dog,unless it causes compression of the nerves (the spinal cord) withinthe spinal column.This may occur in two ways - the abnormally shaped vertebra may putpressure on the spinalcord directly, or it may be an unstable "weak link" in the vertebralcolumn.Spinal cord compression causes back pain, weakness or inability to getup or walk, andusually requires surgery.
Disease Cause: -
Disease Diagnose: Radiographs (x-rays) are necessary to diagnosehemivertebra. Yourveterinarian may discover that your dog has hemivertebra while takingx-rays for anotherpurpose. If your dog shows signs of spinal cord compression (backpain, weakness, orinability to get up or walk), special x-ray techniques (such as amyelogram) will show ifthe compression is caused by a hemivertebra.
Treat Method: Unless your dog has spinal cord compression, thereis no need totreat hemivertebra. Where there is spinal cord compression, your dogwill probably needsurgery.
Breeder Advice: It is best not to breed affected animals. Parentsof affected Germanshepherds and German short-haired pointers are carriers of the traitand should not bebred again.
Disease Description Source: Link
| Disease Name | Other Name | Mode of inheritance | Link ID | Possible OMIM ID | Gene |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hemivertebrae | - | Multifactorial | - |
| iDog Breed Number | Breed Name | Personality | Height | Weight | Breed Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CB46 | Boston Terrier | Friendly, bright, amusing, and adaptable. | 38.1-43.2 cm | 4.5-11.3 kg | United States |
| CB58 | English Bulldog | Calm, courageous, and friendly; dignified but amusing. | 35.6-38.1 cm | 22.7 kg (male), 18.1 kg (female) | United Kingdom (England) |
| CB88 | Doberman Pinscher | Alert, fearless, loyal, and highly trainable | 66-71.1 cm (male), 61-66 cm (female) | 34-45.4 kg (male), 27.2-40.8 kg (female) | Germany |
| CB106 | French Bulldog | Playful, smart, adaptable, and completely irresistible | 27.9-33 cm | under 12.7 kg | United Kingdom (England), France |
| CB110 | German Shepherd Dog | Smart, confident, courageous, and steady; a true dog lover's dog | 61-66 cm (male), 55.9-61 cm (female) | 29.5-40.8 kg (male), 22.7-31.8 kg (female) | Germany |
| CB111 | German Short-Haired Pointer | Friendly, smart, willing to please | 58.4-63.5 cm (male), 53.3-58.4 cm (female) | 24.9-31.8 kg (male), 20.4-27.2 kg (female) | Germany |
| CB196 | Pug | Even-tempered, charming, mischievous and loving | 25.4-33 cm | 6.4-8.2 kg | China |
| CB205 | Rottweiler | Reserved with strangers and affectionate and loyal with his family. | 61-68.6 cm (male), 55.9-63.5 cm (female) | 49.9-59 kg (male), 34.9-49.9 kg (female) | Germany |
| CB2 | Afghan Hound | Independent, sweet, silly | 63.5-68.6 cm | 22.7-27.2 kg | Afghanistan |
| CB45 | Borzoi(Russian wolfhound) | Loyal, affectionate, regally dignified; a charming but independent-minded canine nobleman | 71.1 cm & up (male), 66 cm & up (female) | 34-47.6 kg (male), 27.2-38.6 kg (female) | Russia |
| CB47 | Bouvier des Flandres(Flanders Cattle Dog) | Strong-willed, even-tempered, courageous; affectionate with family, intimidating to intruders | 62.2-69.9 cm (male), 59.7-67.3 cm (female) | 31.8-49.9 kg | Belgium |
| CB107 | French Spaniel | Friendly, outgoing personality, well balanced and patient,eager to please, can be trained easily | France |
| 2015 |
Schlensker,E.,Distl,O.: :
Heritability of hemivertebrae in the French bulldog using an animal threshold model. Vet J :, 2015. Pubmed reference: 26626092 . DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.10.044 . |
| 2014 |
Charalambous,M.,Jeffery,N.D.,Smith,P.M.,Goncalves,R.,Barker,A.,Hayes,G.,Ives,E.,Vanhaesebrouck,A.E.: :
Surgical treatment of dorsal hemivertebrae associated with kyphosis by spinal segmental stabilisation, with or without decompression. Vet J 202:267-73, 2014. Pubmed reference: 25241946 . DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.08.011 . |
| 2007 |
Jeffery,N.D.,Smith,P.M.,Talbot,C.E.: :
Imaging findings and surgical treatment of hemivertebrae in three dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 230:532-6, 2007. Pubmed reference: 17302550 . DOI: 10.2460/javma.230.4.532 . |
| 2005 |
Besalti,O.,Ozak,A.,Pekcan,Z.,Eminaga,S.: :
Nasca classification of hemivertebra in five dogs. Ir Vet J 58:688-90, 2005. Pubmed reference: 21851666 . DOI: 10.1186/2046-0481-58-12-688 . |
| 1995 |
LeCouteur RA, Child G. :
Diseasesof the spinal cord W.B. Saunders Co., Toronto. EJEttinger and EC Feldman (eds.) Textbook of Veterinary InternalMedicine, pp. 629-696 |
| 1992 |
Bailey CS, Morgan JP. :
Congenital spinalmalformations Veterinary Clinics of North America Small Animal Practice 22(4):985-1015 |
| 1992 |
Bailey,C.S.,Morgan,J.P.: :
Congenital spinal malformations. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 22:985-1015, 1992. Pubmed reference: 1641930 . |
| 1989 |
Kirberger,RM.: :
Congenital malformation and variation of the lumbar vertebrae in a dog. 60:111-2, 1989. Pubmed reference: 2607532 . |
| 1982 |
Kramer,JW.,Schiffer,SP.,Sande,RD.,Rantanen,NW.,Whitener,EK.: :
Characterization of heritable thoracic hemivertebra of the German shorthaired pointer. 181:814-5, 1982. Pubmed reference: 7141980 . |
| 1980 |
Widmer,W.R.: :
Sublaxated hemivertebrae at T5, with spinal cord compression. J Am Vet Med Assoc 176:1017-8, 1980. Pubmed reference: 7380715 . |
| 1975 |
Done,S.H.,Drew,R.A.,Robins,G.M.,Lane,J.G.: :
Hemivertebra in the dog: clinical and pathological observations Veterinary Record 96:313-317, 1975. Pubmed reference: 1129930 . |
| 1969 |
Grenn,H.H.,Lindo,D.E.: :
Hemivertebrae with severe kypho-scoliosis and accompanying deformities in a dog. Can Vet J 10:214-6, 1969. Pubmed reference: 5388275 . |