Disease Ontology ID: DDTO:0001336
Another Name: Hermaphroditism
Disease Description: Intersex encompasses developmental abnormalities resulting in discordance between genetic, gonadal or phenotypic sex.
Inherit Mode: -
Disease Symptom: General signs in most species include abnormal external genitalia, and:Phenotypic females: infertility, irregular cyclicity, failure of conception, small litters, complete failure to cycle and abortions, os clitoris and clitoral enlargement.Phenotypic males: azoospermia, oligozoospermia, high percentage of abnormal nonmotile sperm, testicular hypoplasia, cryptorchidism, low libido, intermittent haematuria and pyometra.
Disease Cause: -
Disease Diagnose: There may be a history of administration of exogenous androgens or progestins during pregnancy.The animals may be presented for abnormal external genitalia.On physical exam: the external genitalia should be examined and a rectal examination should be performed to check for the prostate in dogs.Gonad histology can be performed to determine the structure and hormonal function.Karyotyping can be performed.H-Y: male histocompatibility antigen assay and androgen receptor assays can be performed.
Treat Method: There is no curative treatment.Usually intersex animals can lead normal lives but they will probably be infertile.They can be neutered to minimise the risk of tumours, pyometra and abnormal behaviour.A clitoridectomy may be performed in some female dogs if the clitoris is very large.The prognosis is good for life.
Breeder Advice: -
Disease Description Source: Link
| Disease Name | Other Name | Mode of inheritance | Link ID | Possible OMIM ID | Gene |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intersex | - | - | - | - |
| iDog Breed Number | Breed Name | Personality | Height | Weight | Breed Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CB5 | Alaskan Malamute | Affectionate, loyal, playful but dignified | 63.5 cm (male), 58.4 cm (female) | 38.6 kg (male), 34 kg (female) | United States |
| CB12 | American Water Spaniel | Happy, eager, and charming; aloof with strangers, and a little stubborn | 38.1-45.7 cm | 13.6-20.4 kg (male), 11.3-18.1 kg (female) | United States |
| CB95 | English Foxhound | Affectionate, Gentle, Sociable | 61 cm | 27.2-34 kg | United Kingdom (England) |
| 2020 |
Albarella,S.,Lorenzi,L.,Rossi,E.,Prisco,F.,Riccardi,M.G.,Restucci,B.,Ciotola,F.,Parma,P.: :
Analysis of XX <i>SRY</i>-Negative Sex Reversal Dogs. Animals (Basel) 10:, 2020. Pubmed reference: 32947906 . DOI: 10.3390/ani10091667 . |
| 2007 |
Ostrander, E :
The dog and its genome CSHL Press Pubmed reference: _ . DOI: _ . |
| 2000 |
Volpe,P.,Izzo,B.,Di,Meo,G.P.,Perucatti,A.,Iannuzzi,L.: :
Male pseudohermaphroditism in a dog: a clinical case Veterinary Record 146:532-533, 2000. Pubmed reference: 11321217 . |
| 1999 |
Metcalfe,S.S.,Ferguson,R.G.: :
Diagnosis and management of hermaphroditism in the dog Australian Veterinary Practitioner 29:104-+, 1999. |
| 1999 |
Pasquini, C :
Tschauner's Guide to Small Animal Clinics Sudz Publishing Pubmed reference: _ . DOI: _ . |
| 1996 |
Gotthelf,L.N.,Barnett,T.: :
Male pseudohermaphroditism in a dog Veterinary Medicine 91:308, 1996. |
| 1993 |
Peter,A.T.,Markwelder,D.,Asem,E.K.: :
Phenotypic Feminization in a Genetic Male Dog Caused by Nonfunctional Androgen Receptors Theriogenology 40:1093-1105, 1993. |
| 1992 |
Nemzek,J.A.,Homco,L.D.,Wheaton,L.G.,Grman,G.L.: :
Cystic Ovaries and Hyperestrogenism in a Canine Female Pseudohermaphrodite Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 28:402-406, 1992. |
| 1991 |
Chaffaux,S.,Cribiu,E.P.: :
Clinical, Histological and Cytogenetic Observations on 9 Intersex Dogs Genetics Selection Evolution 23:S81-S84, 1991. |
| 1991 |
Sinzinger,W.,Gutbrod,F.: :
Congenital Hermaphrodism in a Yorkshire Terrier Praktische Tierarzt 72:597-598, 1991. |
| 1991 |
Sommer,M.M.,Meyers-Wallen,V.N.: :
XX true hermaphroditism in a Dog Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 198:435-438, 1991. Pubmed reference: 2010338 . |
| 1990 |
Chaffaux,S.,Cribiu,E.P.: :
Female Pseudo-Hermaphroditism in 3 Bitches from One Litter Recueil de Medecine Veterinaire 166:407-410, 1990. |
| 1990 |
Chaffaux,S.,Nudelmann,N.,Durand,V.,Cribiu,E.P.: :
Male Pseudohermaphroditism - A Case of a 78,XX Intersex Recueil de Medecine Veterinaire 166:125-132, 1990. |
| 1990 |
Fitzgerald,A.L.,Murphy,D.A.: :
Bilateral Ovotestes in an Intersex, Mixed Breed Dog Laboratory Animal Science 40:647-650, 1990. Pubmed reference: 2172637 . |
| 1990 |
Sobti,V.K.,Singh,S.,Rathore,S.S.: :
Surgical Removal of a Clitoral Os-Penis from a Doberman Pup Indian Veterinary Journal 67:277, 1990. |
| 1987 |
Hogan,L.S.,Craig,L.D.: :
Male pseudohermaphroditism in a Cocker Spaniel Modern Veterinary Practice 68:29?, 1987. |
| 1986 |
Chaffaux,S.,Cribiu,E.P.,Crespeau,F.: :
[A rare case of true lateral hermaphroditism in a 78,XX bitch] Recueil de Medecine Veterinaire 162:463-470, 1986. |
| 1986 |
Nomura,K.: :
[Canine male pseudohermaphroditism with female chromosomal pattern] Journal of the Japan Veterinary Medical Association 39:520-524, 1986. |
| 1968 |
Edols,J.H.,Allan,G.S.: :
A case of male pseudohermaphroditism in a Cocker Spaniel Australian Veterinary Journal 44:287-290, 1968. Pubmed reference: 5690592 . |