The detail information of Distichiasis
Basic Information
Disease Ontology ID: DDTO:0000899
Disease Description: Abnormally growing eyelashes.
Inherit Mode: -
Disease Symptom: The abnormally-placed hairs growing from the lids irritate the cornea as they rub against it. The affected eye will become red, inflamed, and may develop a discharge. The dog will typically squint or blink often, much like a person with a hair or other foreign matter in the eye. The animal will often rub the eye against objects such as the furniture or the carpet. In severe cases, the cornea may become ulcerated and appear bluish in color from the aberrant hair or from self-mutilation by the pet.
Disease Cause: -
Disease Diagnose: -
Treat Method: The abnormal eyelashes are best removed through the use of surgery or electroepilation.
Breeder Advice: -
Disease Description Source: Link
Associated Diseases
| Disease Name | Other Name | Mode of inheritance | Link ID | Possible OMIM ID | Gene |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Distichiasis | - | Multifactorial | - |
Associated Breeds
| iDog Breed Number | Breed Name | Personality | Height | Weight | Breed Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CB3 | Airedale Terrier | Clever, confident, proud; friendly but courageous | 58.4 cm | 22.7-31.8 kg | United Kingdom (England) |
| CB11 | American Staffordshire Terrier | Confident, Smart, Good-natured | 18-19 inches (male), 17-18 inches (female) | 55-70 pounds (male), 40-55 pounds (female) | United States |
| CB25 | Bearded Collie | Bouncy, charismatic, friendly; smart, but also stubborn and independent | 53.3-55.9 cm (male), 50.8-53.3 cm (female) | 20.4-24.9 kg | United Kingdom (Scotland) |
| CB28 | Belgian Laekenois | Affectionate, Alert, Intelligent | 24-26 inches (male), 22-24 inches (female) | 55-65 pounds | Belgium |
| CB47 | Bouvier des Flandres(Flanders Cattle Dog) | Strong-willed, even-tempered, courageous; affectionate with family, intimidating to intruders | 62.2-69.9 cm (male), 59.7-67.3 cm (female) | 31.8-49.9 kg | Belgium |
| CB49 | Boykin Spaniel | Friendly, eager, trainable, lovable | 39.4-45.7 cm (male), 35.6-41.9 cm (female) | 13.6-18.1 kg (male), 11.3-15.9 kg (female) | United States |
| CB55 | Danish Broholmer | Friendly, Watchful, Loving | 27.5-29.5 inches | 90-150 pounds | Denmark |
| CB57 | English Bull Terrier | Playful and charming; sometimes mischievous, always loyal | 53.3-55.9 cm | 22.7-31.8 kg | United Kingdom (England) |
| CB58 | English Bulldog | Calm, courageous, and friendly; dignified but amusing. | 35.6-38.1 cm | 22.7 kg (male), 18.1 kg (female) | United Kingdom (England) |
| CB60 | Cairn Terrier | Cheerful, alert, busy and independent-minded | 25.4 cm (male), 24.1 cm (female) | 6.4 kg (male), 5.9 kg (female) | United Kingdom (Scotland) |
| CB68 | Central Asian Shepherd Dog | Independent, Courageous, Self-Confident | 25.5-27.5 inches | 88-110 pounds | Russia |
| CB71 | Chihuahua | Graceful, charming, and sassy. | 15.2-22.9 cm | 1.4-2.7 kg | Mexico |
| CB76 | Cirneco dell'Etna | Affectionate, Friendly, Independent | 18-19.5 inches (male), 16.5-18 inches (female) | 22-26 pounds (male), 17-22 pounds (female) | Italy |
| CB78 | Cocker Spaniel | Happy, smart, gentle | 36.8-39.4 cm (male), 34.3-36.8 cm (female) | 11.3-13.6 kg (male), 9.1-11.3 kg (female) | |
| CB80 | Coton de Tulear | Bright, happy-go-lucky, endlessly charming; born to love and to be loved | 25.4-27.9 cm (male), 22.9-25.4 cm (female) | 4.1-6.8 kg (male), 3.6-5.9 kg (female) | Madagascar |
| CB82 | Czechoslovakian Vlcak(Czechoslovakian Wolfdog) | Loyal, Intelligent, Active | 23.5-25.5 inches | 44-57 pounds | Czechoslovak Socialist Republic |
| CB85 | Dandie Dinmont Terrier | Independent, proud, smart; affectionate at home, bold and tenacious in the field | 20.3-27.9 cm | 8.2-10.9 kg | United Kingdom (Scotland) |
| CB95 | English Foxhound | Affectionate, Gentle, Sociable | 61 cm | 27.2-34 kg | United Kingdom (England) |
| CB98 | English Toy Spaniel | Affectionate, Alert, Merry | 22.9-25.4 cm | 3.6-6.4 kg | England |
| CB106 | French Bulldog | Playful, smart, adaptable, and completely irresistible | 27.9-33 cm | under 12.7 kg | United Kingdom (England), France |
| CB107 | French Spaniel | Friendly, outgoing personality, well balanced and patient,eager to please, can be trained easily | France | ||
| CB117 | Gordon Setter | Bold, confident, and resolute afield; sweetly affectionate by the fireside | 61-68.6 cm (male), 58.4-66 cm (female) | 24.9-36.3 kg (male), 20.4-31.8 kg (female) | United Kingdom (Scotland) |
| CB120 | Great Pyrenees | Calm, patient, smart; strong-willed yet affectionate | 68.6-81.3 cm (male), 63.5-73.7 cm (female) | 45.4 kg & up (male), 38.6 kg & up (female) | France, Spain |
| CB123 | Hamiltonstovare(Hamilton Hound) | Agile, Versatile, Regal | 53-61cm (male) 49-57cm (female) | 18-26kg | Sweden |
| CB132 | Irish Terrier | Bold, dashing, even reckless; stouthearted at work, tenderhearted at home | 45.7 cm | 12.2 kg (male), 11.3 kg (female) | Ireland |
| CB138 | Korean Jindo | oyalty and gentle nature | 48 to 53 cm(males), 45 to 50 cm(females) | South Korea | |
| CB143 | Kishu Inu(Kishu Ken) | Faithful, Noble, Docile | 52cm (male) 49cm (female) | 13.6-27.2kg | Japan |
| CB148 | Lagotto Romagnolo(Romagna Water Dog) | Easygoing, affectionate, and eager to please | 43.2-48.3 cm (male), 40.6-45.7 cm (female) | 12.9-15.9 kg (male), 10.9-14.1 kg (female) | Italy |
| CB150 | Lancashire Heeler | Affectionate, Versatile, Intelligent | 25.4-35cm | 4-7.7kg | United Kingdom (England) |
| CB154 | Lowchen(Little Lion Dog) | Affectionate, Outgoing, Positive | 12-14 inches | 15 pounds | Germany, France, Netherlands, Spain |
| CB156 | Manchester Terrier | Spirited, bright, keenly observant; dead loyal, in an independent terrier way | 38.1-40.6 cm | 5.4-10 kg (standard) | United Kingdom (England) |
| CB162 | Mountain Cur | Intelligent, Strong-Willed | 41-66cm | 13.6-27.2kg | United States |
| CB171 | Norwegian Lundehund | Loving and loyal, also brave, tenacious, and a bit stubborn | 33-38.1 cm (male), 30.5-35.6 cm (female) | 9.1-13.6 kg | Norway |
| CB175 | Otterhound | Even-Tempered, amiable, boisterous | 68.6 cm (male), 61 cm (female) | 52.2 kg (male), 36.3 kg (female) | United Kingdom (England) |
| CB179 | Pembroke Welsh Corgi | Smart and alert, affectionate but not pushy, bold but kindly. | 25.4-30.5 cm | up to 13.6 kg (male), up to 12.7 kg (female) | United Kingdom(Wales) |
| CB188 | Poodle | Proud, active and very smart | 25.4 cm & under (toy), 25.4-38.1 cm (miniature), over 38.1 cm (standard) | 1.8-2.7 kg (toy), 4.5-6.8 kg (miniature), 27.2-31.8 kg (male standard), 18.1-22.7 kg (female standard) | Germany, France |
| CB195 | Pudelpointer | Friendly, Smart, Willing to Please | 22-26 inches | 45-70 pounds | Germany |
| CB206 | Russell Terrier | Alert, lively, inquisitive, and friendly | 25.4-30.5 cm | 4.1-6.8 kg | United Kingdom (England) |
| CB211 | Schapendoes | Friendly, high spirited, and affectionate | Netherlands | ||
| CB213 | Scottish Deerhound | Dignified, gentle, polite; quietly intelligent and perceptive | 76.2-81.3 cm (male), 71.1 cm & up (female) | 38.6-49.9 kg (male), 34-43.1 kg (female) | United Kingdom (Scotland) |
| CB217 | Japanese Shiba Inu | Alert, active, and attentive | 35.6-43.2 cm (male), 33-40.6 cm (female) | 8.2-10.9 kg (male), 6.8-9.1 kg (female) | Japan |
| CB219 | Kochi Ken(Shikoku) | Cautious and brave with good judgment,loyal to its master. | Japan | ||
| CB223 | Sloughi | A true sighthound: noble, loyal to loved ones, regally aloof with strangers | 66-73.7 cm (male), 61-68.6 cm (female) | 15.9-22.7 kg | Morocco |
| CB228 | Soft-Coated Wheaten Terrier | Happy, friendly, and deeply devoted; just stubborn enough to remind you they’re terriers | 45.7-48.3 cm (male), 43.2-45.7 cm (female) | 15.9-18.1 kg (male), 13.6-15.9 kg (female) | Ireland |
| CB233 | Stabyhoun | Friendly, sensitive, intelligent, peaceful, patient, and willing to please, but may be stubborn on occasion | Netherlands | ||
| CB237 | Swedish Lapphund | Playful, Intelligent, Lively | 16-20 inches | 30-45 pounds | Sweden |
| CB253 | Welsh Springer Spaniel | Happy, upbeat, family oriented; reserved but not shy with strangers | 45.7-48.3 cm (male), 43.2-45.7 cm (female) | 18.1-24.9 kg (male), 15.9-22.7 kg (female) | United Kingdom (Wales) |
| CB258 | Wire-Haired Pointing Griffon | Outgoing, eager, quick-minded; trustworthy in the field and around the house | Netherlands, France | ||
| CB263 | Akbash Dog | Calm, quiet, and steady.,independent ,loyal, gentle, and quietly affectionate with its own family, including children and family pets, but remains aloof and suspicious toward strangers. | 76.2-86.4 cm (male), 71.1-81.3 cm (female) | 54.4 kg (male), 40.8 kg (female) | Turkey |
| CB268 | Miniature Poodle | Intelligent, Eager-to-please , Charming companion | 25-38 cm | 4.5-6.8kg | France&Germany |
| CB269 | Standard Poodle | Intelligent and quick-to-please | 56-66 cm | ||
| CB270 | Toy Poodle | Intelligent, eager to please, quick to learn and an affectionate, loyal pet. | under 25 cm |
Associated Disease Variants from OMIA
Gene Differential Expression
References
| 2015 |
Krecny,M.,Tichy,A.,Rushton,J.,Nell,B.: :
A retrospective survey of ocular abnormalities in pugs: 130 cases. J Small Anim Pract 56:96-102, 2015. Pubmed reference: 25370448 . DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12291 . |
| 2015 |
Petersen,T.,Proschowsky,H.F.,Hardon,T.,Rasch,S.N.,Fredholm,M.: :
Prevalence and heritability of distichiasis in the English Cocker spaniel. Canine Genet Epidemiol 2:11, 2015. Pubmed reference: 26401339 . DOI: 10.1186/s40575-015-0024-7 . |
| 2012 |
Raymond-Letron,I.,Bourges-Abella,N.,Rousseau,T.,Douet,J.Y.,deGeyer,G.,Regnier,A.: :
Histopathologic features of canine distichiasis. Vet Ophthalmol 15:92-7, 2012. Pubmed reference: 22051077 . DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2011.00946.x . |
| 2007 |
Engelhardt,A.,Stock,KF.,Hamann,H.,Brahm,R.,Grussendorf,H.,Rosenhagen,CU.,Distl,O.: :
Analysis of systematic and genetic effects on the prevalence of primary cataract, persistent pupillary membrane and distichiasis in the two color variants of English Cocker Spaniels in Germany. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 120:490-8, 2007. Pubmed reference: 18085160 . |
| 2007 |
Kaufhold,J.,Hamann,H.,Steinbach,G.,Gordon,S.,Brahm,R.,Grussendorf,H.,Rosenhagen,C.U.,Distl,O.: :
[Analysis of the mode of inheritance for distichiasis in the Elo dog breed using complex segregation analyses]. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 120:232-6, 2007. Pubmed reference: 17555045 . |
| 2006 |
Kaufhold,J.,Hamann,H.,Steinbach,G.,Gordon,S.,Brahm,R.,Grussendorf,H.,Rosenhagen,C.U.,Distl,O.: :
[Analysis of the prevalence of distichiasis in the dog breed Elo]. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 119:233-7, 2006. Pubmed reference: 16729470 . |
| 2004 |
Ketteritzsch,K.,Hamann,H.,Brahm,R.,Grussendorf,H.,Rosenhagen,C.U.,Distl,O.: :
Genetic analysis of presumed inherited eye diseases in Tibetan Terriers. Vet J 168:151-9, 2004. Pubmed reference: 15301763 . DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2003.08.005 . |
| 1997 |
Grahn,B.H.,Wolfer,J.: :
Diagnostic ophthalmology. Distichiasis and uveal cysts. Can Vet J 38:391-2, 1997. Pubmed reference: 9187812 . |
| 1977 |
Campbell,L.H.,McCree,A.V.: :
Conjunctival resection for the surgical management of canine distichiasis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 171:275-7, 1977. Pubmed reference: 893212 . |
| 1973 |
Bedford,P.G.: :
Distichiasis and its treatment by the method of partial tarsal plate excision. J Small Anim Pract 14:1-5, 1973. Pubmed reference: 4731359 . |
| 1973 |
Lawson,D.D.: :
Canine distichiasis. J Small Anim Pract 14:469-78, 1973. Pubmed reference: 4788820 . |
| 1971 |
Bedford,P.G.: :
Eyelashes and adventitious cilia as causes of corneal irritation. J Small Anim Pract 12:11-7, 1971. Pubmed reference: 5103100 . |
| 1971 |
Gelatt,K.N.: :
Bilateral corneal dermoids and distichiasis in a dog. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 66:658-9, 1971. Pubmed reference: 5208793 . |
| 1970 |
Bellhorn,R.W.: :
Variation of canine distichiasis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 157:342-3, 1970. Pubmed reference: 5465087 . |
| 1967 |
Halliwell,W.H.: :
Surgical management of canine distichia. J Am Vet Med Assoc 150:874-9, 1967. Pubmed reference: 6068021 . |