The detail information of Ectopic ureters
Basic Information

Disease Ontology ID: DDTO:0000900

Disease Description: The ureters (tubes leading from the kidneys to the bladder) do not empty into the bladder in the normal location.

Inherit Mode: -

Disease Symptom: Dogs with ectopic ureters have symptoms that can range from mild to severe. Males are often asymptomatic, which means that they do not display any outward signs of having the condition. Dogs with only one affected ureter may continue to pass urine normally. The process of urinating is called “micturition.” When clinical signs of ectopic ureters are present, owners might notice one or more of the following:Urinary incontinience (intermittent or continuous; usually suggests bilateral condition);Inappropriate elimination (urinating in unusual areas);Persistent urine dribbling (especially in juvenile animals);Dampness around the external genitalia;Cloudy urine (pyuria; from pus in the urine);Foul-smelling urine (from infection somewhere along the urinary tract);Redness, inflammation and irritation of the hair and skin around a female dog’s vulva and vagina (vulvitis and vaginitis due to urine scalding).

Disease Cause: Certain breeds seem to have a predisposition to being born with ectopic ureters. This is called a congenital defect. Because of the prevalence of the abnormality in those breeds, the defect also appears to have a genetic component, rather than just occurring randomly during prenatal development. Unfortunately, the mode of inheritance is not well-understood. The involvement of heredity also is not consistent. Bitches with ectopic ureters are known to have whelped litters in which none of their offspring is born with the condition – or at least none of them exhibit the intermittent or persistent incontinence so commonly associated with this conformational abnormality. Vitamin imbalances or deficiencies in female dogs during pregnancy have also been suggested as possible contributors to ecopic ureters in their puppies.

Disease Diagnose: More advanced testing may involve ultrasound examination to assess the anatomical integrity of urinary tract structures. This procedure, when performed by a person skilled in ultrasonography, is usually diagnostic of ectopic ureters. Contrast radiography can also be used, although it is more invasive. This involves inserting contrast media into the dog’s urinary tract and then taking films (radiographs; X-rays) as that material moves through and out of that tract. While standard radiographs without contrast media may be helpful, they are not as reliable as either ultrasound or contrast studies. Computed tomography (CT scan) may be available at some specialized veterinary clinics. CT scans are extremely accurate to diagnose this disorder. Other techniques, such as urethrocystoscopy, vaginal urethrography and excretory urography, can permit the veterinarian to visualize anatomical abnormalities and localize the terminal openings of ectopic ureters into the bladder, urethra, vagina or somewhere else.

Treat Method: Many veterinarians recommend that incontinent female puppies not be spayed before their first heat cycle; sometimes, their condition resolves on its own under that hormonal influence. There are no realistic medical (drug) therapies for ectopic ureters. Even with surgery, affected animals may remain incontinent, depending in large part upon the status of their urethral sphincter mechanism which plays a huge role in the voluntary withholding or passage of urine. There are a few medications that may help to reduce incontinence, depending on its cause. For example, antibiotics can help to clear up a urinary tract infection (UTI) which can contribute to incontinence. It is very important to treat UTIs before any surgical correction is contemplated. However, this will not “treat” or “cure” the ectopic ureter itself.

Breeder Advice: -

Disease Description Source: Link

Associated Diseases
Disease Name Other Name Mode of inheritance Link ID Possible OMIM ID Gene
Ectopic ureter - Multifactorial - -
Associated Breeds
iDog Breed Number Breed Name Personality Height Weight Breed Source
CB268 Miniature Poodle Intelligent, Eager-to-please , Charming companion 25-38 cm 4.5-6.8kg France&Germany
CB270 Toy Poodle Intelligent, eager to please, quick to learn and an affectionate, loyal pet. under 25 cm
Associated Disease Variants from OMIA
Gene Differential Expression
References
2018 Gallana,M.,Utsunomiya,Y.T.,Dolf,G.,PintorTorrecilha,R.B.,Falbo,A.K.,Jagannathan,V.,Leeb,T.,Reichler,I.,Sölkner,J.,Schelling,C.: :
Genome-wide association study and heritability estimate for ectopic ureters in Entlebucher mountain dogs. Anim Genet :, 2018.
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2014 Fritsche,R.,Dolf,G.,Schelling,C.,Hungerbuehler,S.O.,Hagen,R.,Reichler,I.M.: :
Inheritance of ectopic ureters in Entlebucher Mountain Dogs. J Anim Breed Genet 131:146-52, 2014.
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2014 Newman,M.,Landon,B.: :
Surgical treatment of a duplicated and ectopic ureter in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 55:475-8, 2014.
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2013 Fritsche,R.,Dolf,G.,Schelling,C.,Hungerbuehler,S.O.,Hagen,R.,Reichler,I.M.: :
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2013 Novellas,R.,Stone,J.,Pratschke,K.,Hammond,G.: :
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2012 Reichler,I.M.,EckrichSpecker,C.,Hubler,M.,Boos,A.,Haessig,M.,Arnold,S.: :
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2011 Bitterli,F.: :
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2010 North,C.,Kruger,J.M.,Venta,P.J.,Miller,J.M.,Rosenstein,D.S.,Randall,E.K.,White,B.,Fitzgerald,S.D.: :
Congenital ureteral ectopia in continent and incontinent-related Entlebucher mountain dogs: 13 cases (2006-2009). J Vet Intern Med 24:1055-62, 2010.
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2010 Smith,A.L.,Radlinsky,M.G.,Rawlings,C.A.: :
Cystoscopic diagnosis and treatment of ectopic ureters in female dogs: 16 cases (2005-2008). J Am Vet Med Assoc 237:191-5, 2010.
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2010 Thomas,P.C.,Yool,D.A.: :
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2010 Yoon,H.Y.,Mann,F.A.,Punke,J.P.,Jeong,S.W.: :
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2006 EckrichSpecker,C.: :
Ektopische Ureteren beim Hund: Eine retrospektive Analyse von 30 Fällen. Dissertation, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich :, 2006.
2004 Samii,V.F.,McLoughlin,M.A.,Mattoon,J.S.,Drost,W.T.,Chew,D.J.,DiBartola,S.P.,Hoshaw-Woodard,S.: :
Digital fluoroscopic excretory urography, digital fluoroscopic urethrography, helical computed tomography, and cystoscopy in 24 dogs with suspected ureteral ectopia. J Vet Intern Med 18:271-81, 2004.
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2003 Cannizzo,K.L.,McLoughlin,M.A.,Mattoon,J.S.,Samii,V.F.,Chew,D.J.,DiBartola,S.P.: :
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2003 Oglesby,P.A.,Carter,A.: :
Ultrasonographic diagnosis of unilateral ectopic ureter in a Labrador dog. J S Afr Vet Assoc 74:84-6, 2003.
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2003 Taney,K.G.,Moore,K.W.,Carro,T.,Spencer,C.: :
Bilateral ectopic ureters in a male dog with unilateral renal agenesis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 223:817-20, 810, 2003.
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2002 Lautzenhiser,S.J.,Bjorling,D.E.: :
Urinary incontinence in a dog with an ectopic ureterocele. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 38:29-32, 2002.
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2000 Holt,P.E.,Thrusfield,M.V.,HotstonMoore,A.: :
Breed predisposition to ureteral ectopia in bitches in the UK. Veterinary Record 146:561 only, 2000.
2000 Koie,H.,Yamaya,Y.,Sakai,T.: :
Four cases of lowered urethral pressure in canine ectopic ureter. J Vet Med Sci 62:1221-2, 2000.
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1999 Anderson,C.C.,Cook,C.R.,Pope,E.R.: :
What is your diagnosis? Ectopic ureter. J Am Vet Med Assoc 214:1321-2, 1999.
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1998 Lamb,C.R.,Gregory,S.P.: :
Ultrasonographic findings in 14 dogs with ectopic ureter. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 39:218-23, 1998.
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1995 Holt,P.E.,Moore,A.H.: :
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1988 Dean,P.W.,Bojrab,M.J.,Constantinescu,G.M.: :
Canine ectopic ureter. Compend. Contin. Educ. Vet. 10:146-162, 1988.
1986 Hager,D.A.,Blevins,W.E.: :
Ectopic ureter in a dog: extension from the kidney to the urinary bladder and to the urethra. J Am Vet Med Assoc 189:309-10, 1986.
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1984 Hayes,H.M.: :
Breed associations of canine ectopic ureter: a study of 217 female cases. J. Small Anim. Pract. 25:501–504, 1984.
1982 Holt,P.E.,Gibbs,C.,Pearson,H.: :
Canine ectopic ureter – a review of twenty-nine cases. J. Small Anim. Pract. 23:195–208, 1982.
1981 Smith,C.W.,Stowater,J.L.,Kneller,S.K.: :
Ectopic ureter in the dog: a review of cases. J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc. 17:245-248, 1981.
1980 Smith,C.W.,Stowater,J.L.,Kneller,S.K.: :
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1977 Johnston,G.R.,Osbourne,C.A.,Wilson,J.W.,Yano,B.L.: :
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1975 Osborne,C.A.,Dieterich,H.F.,Hanlon,G.F.,Anderson,L.D.: :
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1974 Hayes,H.M.: :
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1973 Lane,J.G.: :
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1971 Seidenberg,L.,Knecht,C.D.: :
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1969 Osborne,C.A.,Perman,V.: :
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