The detail information of Narcolepsy
OMIA Basic Information

Possible human homologues (MIM numbers):

Mendelian trait/disorder: yes

Mode of inheritance: Autosomal Recessive

Considered a defect: yes

Year key mutation first reported: 1999

Species-specific name: -

Species-specific symbol: canarc-1

More detail information can see in

Associated Breeds
iDog Breed Number Breed Name Personality Height Weight History Breed Source
CB2 Afghan Hound 63.5-68.6 cm 22.7-27.2 kg Afghanistan
CB24 English Beagle 33 cm & under 33-38.1 cm under 9.1 kg (5.9 inches & under), 9.1-13.6 kg (5.9-6.8 inches) United Kingdom (England)
CB83 Dachshund 20.3-22.9 cm (standard), 12.7-15.2 cm (miniature) 7.3-14.5 kg (standard), 5 kg & under (miniature) Germany
CB88 Doberman Pinscher 66-71.1 cm (male), 61-66 cm (female) 34-45.4 kg (male), 27.2-40.8 kg (female) Germany
CB114 Giant Schnauzer 64.8-69.9 cm (male), 59.7-64.8 cm (female) 27.2-38.6 kg (male), 24.9-34 kg (female) Germany
CB131 Irish Setter 68.6 cm (male), 63.5 cm (female) 31.8 kg (male), 27.2 kg (female) Ireland
CB147 Labrador Retriever 57.2-62.2 cm (male), 54.6-59.7 cm (female) 29.5-36.3 kg (male), 24.9-31.8 kg (female) Canada, United Kingdom (England)
CB285 Miniature Smooth-Haired Dachshund 4.5 kg Germany
CB205 Rottweiler 61-68.6 cm (male), 55.9-63.5 cm (female) 49.9-59 kg (male), 34.9-49.9 kg (female) Germany
CB290 Smooth-Haired Vizsla 58 cm (male), 56 cm (female) 22.5-29.5 kg (male), 18-25kg (female)
CB97 English Springer Spaniel 50.8 cm (male), 48.3 cm (female) 22.7 kg (male), 18.1 kg (female) United Kingdom (England)
CB269 Standard Poodle 56-66 cm
Associated Gene
There are no associated genes.
References
Note: the references are listed in reverse chronological order (from the most recent year to the earliest year), and alphabetically by first author within a year.
2021 Mondino,A.,Delucchi,L.,Moeser,A.,Cerdá-González,S.,Vanini,G.: :
Sleep Disorders in dogs: A Pathophysiological and Clinical Review. Top Companion Anim Med 43:100516, 2021.
Pubmed reference: 33556640 . DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2021.100516 .
2013 Toth,L.A.,Bhargava,P.: :
Animal models of sleep disorders. Comp Med 63:91-104, 2013.
Pubmed reference: 23582416 .
2009 Chen,L.,Brown,RE.,McKenna,JT.,McCarley,RW.: :
Animal models of narcolepsy. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 8:296-308, 2009.
Pubmed reference: 19689311 .
2008 Mishima,K.,Fujiki,N.,Yoshida,Y.,Sakurai,T.,Honda,M.,Mignot,E.,Nishino,S.: :
Hypocretin receptor expression in canine and murine narcolepsy models and in hypocretin-ligand deficient human narcolepsy. Sleep 31:1119-26, 2008.
Pubmed reference: 18714784 .
2007 Tonokura,M.,Fujita,K.,Nishino,S.: :
Review of pathophysiology and clinical management of narcolepsy in dogs. Vet Rec 161:375-80, 2007.
Pubmed reference: 17873267 .
2004 John,J.,Wu,MF.,Maidment,NT.,Lam,HA.,Boehmer,LN.,Patton,M.,Siegel,JM.: :
Developmental changes in CSF hypocretin-1 (orexin-A) levels in normal and genetically narcoleptic Doberman pinschers. J Physiol 560:587-92, 2004.
2004 John,J.,Wu,MF.,Maidment,NT.,Lam,HA.,Boehmer,LN.,Patton,M.,Siegel,JM.: :
Developmental changes in CSF hypocretin-1 (orexin-A) levels in normal and genetically narcoleptic Doberman pinschers. J Physiol 560:587-92, 2004.
Pubmed reference: 15308685 . DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2004.070573 .
2003 Fujiki,N.,Yoshida,Y.,Ripley,B.,Mignot,E.,Nishino,S.: :
Effects of IV and ICV hypocretin-1 (orexin A) in hypocretin receptor-2 gene mutated narcoleptic dogs and IV hypocretin-1 replacement therapy in a hypocretin-ligand-deficient narcoleptic dog. Sleep 26:953-9, 2003.
Pubmed reference: 14746368 .
2003 Tonokura,M.,Fujita,K.,Morozumi,M.,Yoshida,Y.,Kanbayashi,T.,Nishino,S.: :
Narcolepsy in a hypocretin/orexin-deficient chihuahua Veterinary Record 152:776-9, 2003.
Pubmed reference: 12846289 .
2002 Fujiki,N.,Morris,L.,Mignot,E.,Nishino,S.: :
Analysis of onset location, laterality and propagation of cataplexy in canine narcolepsy Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences 56:275-276, 2002.
2002 Gulyani,S.,Wu,M.F.,Nienhuis,R.,John,J.,Siegel,J.M.: :
Cataplexy-related neurons in the amygdala of the narcoleptic dog Neuroscience 112:355-365, 2002.
Pubmed reference: 12044453 .
2001 Hungs,M.,Fan,J.,Lin,L.,Lin,X.Y.,Grigoriadis,D.,Maki,R.A.,Mignot,E.: :
Identification and functional analysis of mutations in the hypocretin (Orexin) genes of narcoleptic canines (vol 11, pg 531, 2001) Genome Research 11:919, 2001.
2001 Hungs,M.,Fan,J.,Lin,L.,Lin,X.Y.,Maki,R.A.,Mignot,E.: :
Identification and functional analysis of mutations in the Hypocretin (Orexin) genes of narcoleptic canines Genome Research 11:531-539, 2001.
Pubmed reference: 11282968 . DOI: 10.1101/gr.161001 .
2001 Nishino,S.,Fujiki,N.,Ripley,B.,Sakurai,E.,Kato,M.,Watanabe,T.,Mignot,E.,Yanai,K.: :
Decreased brain histamine content in hypocretin/orexin receptor-2 mutated narcoleptics dogs Neuroscience Letters 313:125-128, 2001.
Pubmed reference: 11682143 .
2001 Ripley,B.,Fujiki,N.,Okura,M.,Mignot,E.,Nishino,S.: :
Hypocretin levels in sporadic and familial cases of canine narcolepsy Neurobiology of Disease 8:525-534, 2001.
Pubmed reference: 11442359 . DOI: 10.1006/nbdi.2001.0389 .
1999 Coleman,E.S.: :
Canine narcolepsy and the role of the nervous system Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian 21:641-650, 1999.
1999 Faraco,J.,Lin,X.,Li,R.,Hinton,L.,Lin,L.,Mignot,E.: :
Genetic studies in narcolepsy, a disorder affecting REM sleep Journal of Heredity 90:129-132, 1999.
Pubmed reference: 9987919 .
1999 Lin,L.,Faraco,J.,Li,R.,Kadotani,H.,Rogers,W.,Lin,X.Y.,Qiu,X.H.,de,Jong,P.J.,Nishino,S.,Mignot,E.: :
The sleep disorder canine narcolepsy is caused by a mutation in the hypocretin (orexin) receptor 2 gene Cell 98:365-376, 1999.
Pubmed reference: 10458611 .
1999 Ostrander,E.A.,Giniger,E.: :
Let sleeping dogs lie? Nat Genet 23:3-4, 1999.
Pubmed reference: 10471483 . DOI: 10.1038/12591 .
1999 Reilly,C.E.: :
Mutation in the hypocretin (orexin) receptor 2 gene causes canine narcolepsy Journal of Neurology 246:985-986, 1999.
Pubmed reference: 10552257 .
1999 Siegel,J.M.,Nienhuis,R.,Gulyani,S.,Ouyang,S.,Wu,M.F.,Mignot,E.,Switzer,R.C.,McMurry,G.,Cornford,M.: :
Neuronal degeneration in canine narcolepsy Journal of Neuroscience 19:248-257, 1999.
Pubmed reference: 9870955 .
1998 Cederberg,R.,Nishino,S.,Dement,W.C.,Mignot,E.: :
Breeding history of the Stanford colony of narcoleptic dogs Veterinary Record 142:31-36, 1998.
Pubmed reference: 9481825 .
1997 Honda,K.,Riehl,J.,Inoue,S.,Mignot,E.,Nishino,S.: :
Central administration of vitamin B-12 aggravates cataplexy in canine narcolepsy Neuroreport 8:3861-3865, 1997.
Pubmed reference: 9462456 .
1997 Nishino,S.,Arrigoni,J.,Shelton,J.,Kanbayashi,T.,Dement,W.C.,Mignot,E.: :
Effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and its analogs on daytime sleepiness and cataplexy in canine narcolepsy Journal of Neuroscience 17:6401-6408, 1997.
Pubmed reference: 9236248 .
1997 Nishino,S.,Mignot,E.: :
Pharmacological aspects of human and canine narcolepsy [Review] Progress in Neurobiology 52:27-78, 1997.
Pubmed reference: 9185233 .
1997 Nishino,S.,Tafti,M.,Sampathkumaran,R.,Dement,W.C.,Mignot,E.: :
Circadian distribution of rest/activity in narcoleptic and control dogs - assessment with ambulatory activity monitoring Journal of Sleep Research 6:120-127, 1997.
Pubmed reference: 9377531 .
1997 Tafti,M.,Nishino,S.,Liao,W.,Dement,W.C.,Mignot,E.: :
Mesopontine organization of cholinergic and catecholaminergic cell groups in the normal and narcoleptic dog Journal of Comparative Neurology 379:185-197, 1997.
Pubmed reference: 9050784 .
1996 Kanbayashi,T.,Nishino,S.,Tafti,M.,Hishikawa,Y.,Dement,W.C.,Mignot,E.: :
Thalidomide, a hypnotic with immune modulating properties, increases cataplexy in canine narcolepsy Neuroreport 7:1881-1886, 1996.
Pubmed reference: 8905685 .
1996 Reid,M.S.,Tafti,M.,Nishino,S.,Sampathkumaran,R.,Siegel,J.M.,Mignot,E.: :
Local administration of dopaminergic drugs into the ventral tegmental area modulates cataplexy in the narcoleptic canine Brain Research 733:83-100, 1996.
Pubmed reference: 8891251 .
1996 Tafti,M.,Nishino,S.,Aldrich,M.S.,Liao,W.N.,Dement,W.C.,Mignot,E.: :
Major histocompatibility class II molecules in the CNS - increased microglial expression at the onset of narcolepsy in a canine model Journal of Neuroscience 16:4588-4595, 1996.
Pubmed reference: 8764647 .
1995 Nishino,S.,Tafti,M.,Reid,M.S.,Shelton,J.,Siegel,J.M.,Dement,W.C.,Mignot,E.: :
Muscle atonia is triggered by cholinergic stimulation of the basal forebrain: Implication for the pathophysiology of canine narcolepsy Journal of Neuroscience 15:4806-4814, 1995.
Pubmed reference: 7623112 .
1995 Nitz,D.,Andersen,A.,Fahringer,H.,Nienhuis,R.,Mignot,E.,Siegel,J.: :
Altered distribution of cholinergic cells in the narcoleptic dog Neuroreport 6:1521-1524, 1995.
Pubmed reference: 7579139 .
1995 Shelton,J.,Nishino,S.,Vaught,J.,Dement,W.C.,Mignot,E.: :
Comparative effects of modafinil and amphetamine on daytime sleepiness and cataplexy of narcoleptic dogs Sleep 18:817-826, 1995.
Pubmed reference: 8746387 .
1994 Mignot,E.,Bell,R.A.,Rattazzi,C.,Lovett,M.,Grumet,F.C.,Dement,W.C.: :
An immunoglobulin switchlike sequence is linked with canine narcolepsy Sleep 17:S68-S76, 1994.
Pubmed reference: 7701203 .
1994 Nishino,S.,Reid,M.S.,Dement,W.C.,Mignot,E.: :
Neuropharmacology and neurochemistry of canine narcolepsy Sleep 17:S84-S92, 1994.
Pubmed reference: 7701206 .
1994 Reid,M.S.,Siegel,J.M.,Dement,W.C.,Mignot,E.: :
Cholinergic Mechanisms in Canine Narcolepsy .2. Acetylcholine Release in the Pontine Reticular Formation Is Enhanced During Cataplexy Neuroscience 59:523-530, 1994.
Pubmed reference: 8008206 .
1994 Reid,M.S.,Tafti,M.,Geary,J.N.,Nishino,S.,Siegel,J.M.,Dement,W.C.,Mignot,E.: :
Cholinergic Mechanisms in Canine Narcolepsy .1. Modulation of Cataplexy via Local Drug Administration into the Pontine Reticular Formation Neuroscience 59:511-522, 1994.
Pubmed reference: 8008205 .
1994 Reid,M.S.,Tafti,M.,Nishino,S.,Siegel,J.M.,Dement,W.C.,Mignot,E.: :
Cholinergic regulation of cataplexy in canine narcolepsy in the pontine reticular formation is mediated by M2 muscarinic receptors Sleep 17:424-435, 1994.
Pubmed reference: 7991953 .
1993 Mignot,E.J.M.,Dement,W.C.: :
Narcolepsy in Animals and Man Equine Veterinary Journal 25:476-477, 1993.
Pubmed reference: 8275992 .
1993 Mignot,E.,Nishino,S.,Sharp,L.H.,Arrigoni,J.,Siegel,J.M.,Reid,M.S.,Edgar,D.M.,Ciaranello,R.D.,Dement,W.C.: :
Heterozygosity at the canarc-1 Locus Can Confer Susceptibility for Narcolepsy - Induction of Cataplexy in Heterozygous Asymptomatic Dogs After Administration of a Combination of Drugs Acting on Monoaminergic and Cholinergic Systems Journal of Neuroscience 13:1057-1064, 1993.
Pubmed reference: 8095066 .
1993 Nishino,S.,Fruhstorfer,B.,Arrigoni,J.,Guilleminault,C.,Dement,W.C.,Mignot,E.: :
Further Characterization of the Alpha-1 Receptor Subtype Involved in the Control of Cataplexy in Canine Narcolepsy Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 264:1079-1084, 1993.
Pubmed reference: 8095546 .
1992 Nishino,S.,Arrigoni,J.,Sharp,L.H.,Shelton,J.D.,Dement,W.C.,Mignot,E.: :
Serum Prolactin Response to a D2 Antagonist in Narcoleptic and Control Canines Sleep 15:474-475, 1992.
Pubmed reference: 1455131 .
1992 Valtier,D.,Dement,W.C.,Mignot,E.: :
Monoaminergic Uptake in Synaptosomes Prepared from Frozen Brain Tissue Samples of Normal and Narcoleptic Canines Brain Research 588:115-119, 1992.
Pubmed reference: 1393561 .
1991 Kornberg,M.,Kornberg,L.,Blanke,E.,Wagner,V.,Dahme,E.: :
A Case of Narcolepsy in a Giant-Schnauzer Kleintierpraxis 36:271, 1991.
1991 Mignot,E.,Wang,C.,Rattazzi,C.,Gaiser,C.,Lovett,M.,Guilleminault,C.,Dement,W.C.,Grumet,F.C.: :
Genetic Linkage of Autosomal Recessive Canine Narcolepsy with a mu-Immunoglobulin Heavy-Chain Switch-Like Segment Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 88:3475-3478, 1991.
Pubmed reference: 1673032 .
1991 Nishino,S.,Arrigoni,J.,Valtier,D.,Miller,J.D.,Guilleminault,C.,Dement,W.C.,Mignot,E.: :
Dopamine-D2 Mechanisms in Canine Narcolepsy Journal of Neuroscience 11:2666-2671, 1991.
Pubmed reference: 1831837 .
1991 Renaud,A.,Nishino,S.,Dement,W.C.,Guilleminault,C.,Mignot,E.: :
Effects of SDZ NVI-085, a Putative Subtype-Selective alpha1- Agonist, on Canine Cataplexy, a Disorder of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep European Journal of Pharmacology 205:11-16, 1991.
Pubmed reference: 1687464 .
1991 Valtier,D.,Nishino,S.,Guilleminault,C.,Dement,W.C.,Mignot,E.: :
Platelet alpha2 Adrenoceptors in Human and Canine Narcolepsy Biological Psychiatry 29:376-382, 1991.
Pubmed reference: 1645207 .
1990 Miller,J.D.,Faull,K.F.,Bowersox,S.S.,Dement,W.C.: :
CNS Monoamines and Their Metabolites in Canine Narcolepsy - A Replication Study Brain Research 509:169-171, 1990.
Pubmed reference: 1689603 .
1990 Nishino,S.,Haak,L.,Shepherd,H.,Guilleminault,C.,Sakai,T.,Dement,W.C.,Mignot,E.: :
Effects of Central Alpha-2 Adrenergic Compounds on Canine Narcolepsy, a Disorder of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 253:1145-1152, 1990.
Pubmed reference: 1972749 .
1989 Dean,R.R.,Kilduff,T.S.,Dement,W.C.,Grumet,F.C.: :
Narcolepsy without unique MHC class II antigen association: studies in the canine model. Hum Immunol 25:27-35, 1989.
Pubmed reference: 2523880 .
1989 Fruhstorfer,B.,Mignot,E.,Bowersox,S.,Nishino,S.,Dement,W.C.,Guilleminault,C.: :
Canine Narcolepsy Is Associated with an Elevated Number of Alpha-2-Receptors in the Locus Coeruleus Brain Research 500:209-214, 1989.
Pubmed reference: 2557958 .
1989 Geisler,P.,Albert,E.: :
Immunogenetics of Narcolepsy Sleep 88 :117-122, 1989.
1989 Motoyama,M.,Kilduff,T.S.,Lee,B.S.M.,Dement,W.C.,Mcdevitt,H.O.: :
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism in Canine Narcolepsy Immunogenetics 29:124-126, 1989.
Pubmed reference: 2563354 .
1989 Vanheerden,J.,Eckersley,G.N.: :
Narcolepsy in a Long-Haired Dachshund Journal of the South African Veterinary Association-Tydskrif Van Die Suid-Afrikaanse Veterinere Vereniging 60:151-153, 1989.
1987 Bowersox,S.S.,Kilduff,T.S.,Faull,K.F.,Zeller-DeAmicis,L.,Dement,W.C.,Ciaranello,R.D.: :
Brain dopamine receptor levels elevated in canine narcolepsy. Brain Res 402:44-8, 1987.
Pubmed reference: 3828787 .
1986 Bowersox,S.S.,Kilduff,T.S.,Kaitin,K.I.,Dement,W.C.,Ciaranello,R.D.: :
Brain benzodiazepine receptor characteristics in canine narcolepsy. Sleep 9:111-5, 1986.
Pubmed reference: 3010425 .
1986 Kaitin,K.I.,Kilduff,T.S.,Dement,W.C.: :
Sleep fragmentation in canine narcolepsy. Sleep 9:116-9, 1986.
Pubmed reference: 3704433 .
1986 Kilduff,T.S.,Bowersox,S.S.,Kaitin,K.I.,Baker,T.L.,Ciaranello,R.D.,Dement,W.C.: :
Muscarinic cholinergic receptors and the canine model of narcolepsy. Sleep 9:102-6, 1986.
Pubmed reference: 3704431 .
1986 Lammers,G.J.: :
[Narcolepsy in dogs: an unusual disease]. Tijdschr Diergeneeskd 111:985-7, 1986.
Pubmed reference: 3775753 .
1986 Siegel,J.M.,Fahringer,H.,Tomaszewski,K.S.,Kaitin,K.,Kilduff,T.,Dement,W.C.: :
Heart rate and blood pressure changes associated with cataplexy in canine narcolepsy. Sleep 9:216-21, 1986.
Pubmed reference: 3704445 .
1984 Boehme,R.E.,Baker,T.L.,Mefford,I.N.,Barchas,J.D.,Dement,W.C.,Ciaranello,R.D.: :
Narcolepsy: cholinergic receptor changes in an animal model. Life Sci 34:1825-8, 1984.
Pubmed reference: 6539848 .
1983 Mefford,I.N.,Baker,T.L.,Boehme,R.,Foutz,A.S.,Ciaranello,R.D.,Barchas,J.D.,Dement,W.C.: :
Narcolepsy: biogenic amine deficits in an animal model. Science 220:629-32, 1983.
Pubmed reference: 6188216 .
1982 Baker,T.L.,Foutz,A.S.,McNerney,V.,Mitler,M.M.,Dement,W.C.: :
Canine model of narcolepsy: genetic and developmental determinants. Exp Neurol 75:729-42, 1982.
Pubmed reference: 7199479 .
1980 Foutz,A.S.,Mitler,M.M.,Dement,W.C.: :
Narcolepsy. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 10:65-80, 1980.
Pubmed reference: 6996290 .
1979 Foutz,A.S.,Mitler,M.M.,Cavalli-Sforza,L.L.,Dement,W.C.: :
Genetic factors in canine narcolepsy. Sleep 1:413-21, 1979.
Pubmed reference: 574310 .
1977 Darke,P.G.,Jessen,V.: :
Narcolepsy in a dog. Vet Rec 101:117-8, 1977.
Pubmed reference: 562026 .
1977 Mitler,M.M.,Dement,W.C.: :
Sleep studies on canine narcolepsy: pattern and cycle comparisons between affected and normal dogs. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 43:691-9, 1977.
Pubmed reference: 72649 .
1976 Mitler,M.M.,Soave,O.,Dement,W.C.: :
Narcolepsy in seven dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 168:1036-8, 1976.
Pubmed reference: 945254 .
1974 Mitler,M.M.,Boysen,B.G.,Campbell,L.,Dement,W.C.: :
Narcolepsy-cataplexy in a female dog. Exp Neurol 45:332-40, 1974.
Pubmed reference: 4472992 .
1973 Knecht,CD.,Oliver,JE.,Redding,R.,Selcer,R.,Johnson,G.: :
Narcolepsy in a dog and a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 162:1052-3, 1973.
Pubmed reference: 4736237 .