Inoculation Method Impacts Symptom Development Associated with Diaporthe aspalathi, D. caulivora, and D. longicolla on Soybean (Glycine max).

Krishna Ghimire, Kristina Petrović, Brian J Kontz, Carl A Bradley, Martin I Chilvers, Daren S Mueller, Damon L Smith, Kiersten A Wise, Febina M Mathew
Author Information
  1. Krishna Ghimire: 1 Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, U.S.A.
  2. Kristina Petrović: 1 Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, U.S.A.
  3. Brian J Kontz: 1 Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, U.S.A.
  4. Carl A Bradley: 3 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky Research and Education Center, Princeton, KY 42445, U.S.A. ORCID
  5. Martin I Chilvers: 4 Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A. ORCID
  6. Daren S Mueller: 5 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A.
  7. Damon L Smith: 6 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A.; and. ORCID
  8. Kiersten A Wise: 7 Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A.
  9. Febina M Mathew: 1 Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, U.S.A. ORCID

Abstract

One hundred fifty-two Diaporthe isolates were recovered from symptomatic soybean (Glycine max) stems sampled from the U.S. states of Iowa, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, and South Dakota. Using morphology and DNA sequencing, isolates were identified as D. aspalathi (8.6%), D. caulivora (24.3%), and D. longicolla (67.1%). Aggressiveness of five isolates each of the three pathogens was studied on cultivars Hawkeye (D. caulivora and D. longicolla) and Bragg (D. aspalathi) using toothpick, stem-wound, mycelium contact, and spore injection inoculation methods in the greenhouse. For D. aspalathi, methods significantly affected disease severity (P < 0.001) and pathogen recovery (P < 0.001). The relative treatment effects (RTE) of stem-wound and toothpick methods were significantly greater than for the other methods. For D. caulivora and D. longicolla, a significant isolate × method interaction affected disease severity (P < 0.05) and pathogen recovery (P < 0.001). Significant differences in RTEs were observed among D. caulivora and D. longicolla isolates only when the stem-wound and toothpick methods were used. Our study has determined that the stem-wound and toothpick methods are reliable to evaluate the three pathogens; however, the significant isolate × method interactions for D. caulivora and D. longicolla indicate that multiple isolates should also be considered for future pathogenicity studies.

MeSH Term

Ascomycota
Food Microbiology
Midwestern United States
Glycine max

Word Cloud

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