Plant Editosome Database
a curated database of RNA editosome in plants

DEK55 - Plant Editosome Database - BIG Data Center
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Summary

Editing Factor: DEK55
Synonym: Defective Kernel 55
Description: DEK55 plays a crucial role in RNA editing at multiple sites as well as in the splicing of nad1 and nad4 introns; Mutation in the DEK55 gene led to the dysfunction of mitochondrial complex I
Protein Family: PPR
Subclass: E
Construct Structure: PLS-E
Gene ID & Species: Zm00001d014471 (Zea mays)
Edited Gene(s): atp1    atp8    ccmFc    ccmFn    cob    matR    nad3    nad4    nad6    rps12_ct    rps12    rps13    rps3    nad7
Editing Type(s): C-to-U (124)
Publication(s): [1] The novel E-subgroup pentatricopeptide repeat protein DEK55 is responsible for RNA editing at multiple sites and for the splicing of nad1 and nad4 in maize., BMC plant biology, 2020. [PMID=33297963]

Editing Details

Species Gene ID Organelle Edited Gene Position Region Editing Type Codon Amino Acid Molecular Effect Experiment Details
Zea mays Zm00001d014471 Mitochondrion atp1 1490 CDS C-to-U CCU=>CUU P=>L Recoding
Experiment Details
Genotype (Ecotype) Allele Treatment Treatment Detail Mutant Type Phenotype Tissue Development Stage Detection Method Editing Frequency Editing Extent Mutant Effect PMID
B73WT-1Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPDirect sequencing of reverse transcription-polymerase chain91.16%HighNone33297963
B73WT-2Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPDirect sequencing of reverse transcription-polymerase chain88.55%HighNone33297963
B73dek55-1MutationIn the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).Recessive; HeterozygousThe dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.Ear15 DAPDirect sequencing of reverse transcription-polymerase chain29.70%LowDecreased33297963
B73dek55-2MutationThe dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.HeterozygousNAEar15 DAPRT‐PCR and the strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencin16.66%PoorDecreased33297963
Zea mays Zm00001d014471 Mitochondrion atp8 123 CDS C-to-U NA=>NA NA=>NA NA
Experiment Details
Genotype (Ecotype) Allele Treatment Treatment Detail Mutant Type Phenotype Tissue Development Stage Detection Method Editing Frequency Editing Extent Mutant Effect PMID
B73WT-1Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs62.95%HighNone33297963
B73WT-2Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs63.04%HighNone33297963
B73dek55-1MutationIn the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).Recessive; HeterozygousThe dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.Ear15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs50.59%MediumDecreased33297963
B73dek55-2MutationThe dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.HeterozygousNAEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs4.98%PoorDecreased33297963
Zea mays Zm00001d014471 Mitochondrion ccmFc 1144 CDS C-to-U NA=>NA NA=>NA NA
Experiment Details
Genotype (Ecotype) Allele Treatment Treatment Detail Mutant Type Phenotype Tissue Development Stage Detection Method Editing Frequency Editing Extent Mutant Effect PMID
B73WT-1Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs47.42%MediumNone33297963
B73WT-2Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs43.84%MediumNone33297963
B73dek55-1MutationIn the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).Recessive; HeterozygousThe dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.Ear15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs31.61%LowDecreased33297963
B73dek55-2MutationThe dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.HeterozygousNAEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs27.69%LowDecreased33297963
Zea mays Zm00001d014471 Mitochondrion ccmFc 1244 CDS C-to-U NA=>NA NA=>NA NA
Experiment Details
Genotype (Ecotype) Allele Treatment Treatment Detail Mutant Type Phenotype Tissue Development Stage Detection Method Editing Frequency Editing Extent Mutant Effect PMID
B73WT-1Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs40.91%MediumNone33297963
B73WT-2Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs36.20%LowNone33297963
B73dek55-1MutationIn the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).Recessive; HeterozygousThe dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.Ear15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs19.89%PoorDecreased33297963
B73dek55-2MutationThe dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.HeterozygousNAEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs12.45%PoorDecreased33297963
Zea mays Zm00001d014471 Mitochondrion ccmFc 160 CDS C-to-U NA=>NA NA=>NA NA
Experiment Details
Genotype (Ecotype) Allele Treatment Treatment Detail Mutant Type Phenotype Tissue Development Stage Detection Method Editing Frequency Editing Extent Mutant Effect PMID
B73WT-1Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs38.67%LowNone33297963
B73WT-2Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs38.60%LowNone33297963
B73dek55-1MutationIn the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).Recessive; HeterozygousThe dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.Ear15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs23.03%LowDecreased33297963
B73dek55-2MutationThe dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.HeterozygousNAEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs19.35%PoorDecreased33297963
Zea mays Zm00001d014471 Mitochondrion ccmFc 799 CDS C-to-U NA=>NA NA=>NA NA
Experiment Details
Genotype (Ecotype) Allele Treatment Treatment Detail Mutant Type Phenotype Tissue Development Stage Detection Method Editing Frequency Editing Extent Mutant Effect PMID
B73WT-1Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs74.27%HighNone33297963
B73WT-2Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs68.22%HighNone33297963
B73dek55-1MutationIn the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).Recessive; HeterozygousThe dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.Ear15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs50.85%MediumDecreased33297963
B73dek55-2MutationThe dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.HeterozygousNAEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs52.31%MediumDecreased33297963
Zea mays Zm00001d014471 Mitochondrion ccmFc 866 CDS C-to-U NA=>NA NA=>NA NA
Experiment Details
Genotype (Ecotype) Allele Treatment Treatment Detail Mutant Type Phenotype Tissue Development Stage Detection Method Editing Frequency Editing Extent Mutant Effect PMID
B73WT-1Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs48.70%MediumNone33297963
B73WT-2Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs41.12%MediumNone33297963
B73dek55-1MutationIn the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).Recessive; HeterozygousThe dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.Ear15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs30.30%LowDecreased33297963
B73dek55-2MutationThe dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.HeterozygousNAEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs29.68%LowDecreased33297963
Zea mays Zm00001d014471 Mitochondrion ccmFc 906 CDS C-to-U NA=>NA NA=>NA NA
Experiment Details
Genotype (Ecotype) Allele Treatment Treatment Detail Mutant Type Phenotype Tissue Development Stage Detection Method Editing Frequency Editing Extent Mutant Effect PMID
B73WT-1Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs27.35%LowNone33297963
B73WT-2Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs26.13%LowNone33297963
B73dek55-1MutationIn the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).Recessive; HeterozygousThe dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.Ear15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs13.44%PoorDecreased33297963
B73dek55-2MutationThe dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.HeterozygousNAEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs15.62%PoorDecreased33297963
Zea mays Zm00001d014471 Mitochondrion ccmFn 1214 CDS C-to-U NA=>NA NA=>NA NA
Experiment Details
Genotype (Ecotype) Allele Treatment Treatment Detail Mutant Type Phenotype Tissue Development Stage Detection Method Editing Frequency Editing Extent Mutant Effect PMID
B73WT-1Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs7.95%PoorNone33297963
B73WT-2Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs11.55%PoorNone33297963
B73dek55-1MutationIn the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).Recessive; HeterozygousThe dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.Ear15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs40.27%MediumIncreased33297963
B73dek55-2MutationThe dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.HeterozygousNAEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs34.80%LowIncreased33297963
Zea mays Zm00001d014471 Mitochondrion ccmFn 181 CDS C-to-U NA=>NA NA=>NA NA
Experiment Details
Genotype (Ecotype) Allele Treatment Treatment Detail Mutant Type Phenotype Tissue Development Stage Detection Method Editing Frequency Editing Extent Mutant Effect PMID
B73WT-1Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs37.04%LowNone33297963
B73WT-2Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs53.57%MediumNone33297963
B73dek55-1MutationIn the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).Recessive; HeterozygousThe dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.Ear15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs63.83%HighIncreased33297963
B73dek55-2MutationThe dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.HeterozygousNAEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs70.81%HighIncreased33297963
Zea mays Zm00001d014471 Mitochondrion ccmFn 287 CDS C-to-U UCA=>UUA S=>L Recoding
Experiment Details
Genotype (Ecotype) Allele Treatment Treatment Detail Mutant Type Phenotype Tissue Development Stage Detection Method Editing Frequency Editing Extent Mutant Effect PMID
B73WT-1Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPDirect sequencing of reverse transcription-polymerase chain70.63%HighNone33297963
B73WT-2Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPDirect sequencing of reverse transcription-polymerase chain60.70%HighNone33297963
B73dek55-1MutationIn the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).Recessive; HeterozygousThe dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.Ear15 DAPDirect sequencing of reverse transcription-polymerase chain1.58%PoorDecreased33297963
B73dek55-2MutationThe dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.HeterozygousNAEar15 DAPDirect sequencing of reverse transcription-polymerase chain1.67%PoorDecreased33297963
Zea mays Zm00001d014471 Mitochondrion ccmFn 302 CDS C-to-U NA=>NA NA=>NA NA
Experiment Details
Genotype (Ecotype) Allele Treatment Treatment Detail Mutant Type Phenotype Tissue Development Stage Detection Method Editing Frequency Editing Extent Mutant Effect PMID
B73WT-1Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs75.19%HighNone33297963
B73WT-2Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs79.44%HighNone33297963
B73dek55-1MutationIn the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).Recessive; HeterozygousThe dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.Ear15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs57.00%MediumDecreased33297963
B73dek55-2MutationThe dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.HeterozygousNAEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs59.57%MediumDecreased33297963
Zea mays Zm00001d014471 Mitochondrion cob 564 CDS C-to-U NA=>NA NA=>NA NA
Experiment Details
Genotype (Ecotype) Allele Treatment Treatment Detail Mutant Type Phenotype Tissue Development Stage Detection Method Editing Frequency Editing Extent Mutant Effect PMID
B73WT-1Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs85.27%HighNone33297963
B73WT-2Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs94.52%HighNone33297963
B73dek55-1MutationIn the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).Recessive; HeterozygousThe dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.Ear15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs72.62%HighDecreased33297963
B73dek55-2MutationThe dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.HeterozygousNAEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs73.93%HighDecreased33297963
Zea mays Zm00001d014471 Mitochondrion matR 1730 CDS C-to-U NA=>NA NA=>NA NA
Experiment Details
Genotype (Ecotype) Allele Treatment Treatment Detail Mutant Type Phenotype Tissue Development Stage Detection Method Editing Frequency Editing Extent Mutant Effect PMID
B73WT-1Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs48.94%MediumNone33297963
B73WT-2Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs44.51%MediumNone33297963
B73dek55-1MutationIn the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).Recessive; HeterozygousThe dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.Ear15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs81.86%HighIncreased33297963
B73dek55-2MutationThe dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.HeterozygousNAEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs60.14%HighIncreased33297963
Zea mays Zm00001d014471 Mitochondrion matR 1785 CDS C-to-U NA=>NA NA=>NA NA
Experiment Details
Genotype (Ecotype) Allele Treatment Treatment Detail Mutant Type Phenotype Tissue Development Stage Detection Method Editing Frequency Editing Extent Mutant Effect PMID
B73WT-1Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs11.37%PoorNone33297963
B73WT-2Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs7.11%PoorNone33297963
B73dek55-1MutationIn the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).Recessive; HeterozygousThe dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.Ear15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs25.75%LowIncreased33297963
B73dek55-2MutationThe dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.HeterozygousNAEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs27.78%LowIncreased33297963
Zea mays Zm00001d014471 Mitochondrion matR 1877 CDS C-to-U CCA=>CUA P=>L Recoding
Experiment Details
Genotype (Ecotype) Allele Treatment Treatment Detail Mutant Type Phenotype Tissue Development Stage Detection Method Editing Frequency Editing Extent Mutant Effect PMID
B73WT-1Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPDirect sequencing of reverse transcription-polymerase chain62.98%HighNone33297963
B73WT-2Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPDirect sequencing of reverse transcription-polymerase chain81.42%HighNone33297963
B73dek55-1MutationIn the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).Recessive; HeterozygousThe dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.Ear15 DAPDirect sequencing of reverse transcription-polymerase chain1.94%PoorDecreased33297963
B73dek55-2MutationThe dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.HeterozygousNAEar15 DAPDirect sequencing of reverse transcription-polymerase chain10.17%PoorDecreased33297963
Zea mays Zm00001d014471 Mitochondrion nad3 146 CDS C-to-U NA=>NA NA=>NA NA
Experiment Details
Genotype (Ecotype) Allele Treatment Treatment Detail Mutant Type Phenotype Tissue Development Stage Detection Method Editing Frequency Editing Extent Mutant Effect PMID
B73WT-1Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs36.59%LowNone33297963
B73WT-2Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs33.71%LowNone33297963
B73dek55-1MutationIn the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).Recessive; HeterozygousThe dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.Ear15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs16.43%PoorDecreased33297963
B73dek55-2MutationThe dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.HeterozygousNAEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs19.15%PoorDecreased33297963
Zea mays Zm00001d014471 Mitochondrion nad3 190 CDS C-to-U NA=>NA NA=>NA NA
Experiment Details
Genotype (Ecotype) Allele Treatment Treatment Detail Mutant Type Phenotype Tissue Development Stage Detection Method Editing Frequency Editing Extent Mutant Effect PMID
B73WT-1Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs36.32%LowNone33297963
B73WT-2Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs31.06%LowNone33297963
B73dek55-1MutationIn the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).Recessive; HeterozygousThe dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.Ear15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs15.45%PoorDecreased33297963
B73dek55-2MutationThe dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.HeterozygousNAEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs16.96%PoorDecreased33297963
Zea mays Zm00001d014471 Mitochondrion nad4 77 CDS C-to-U NA=>NA NA=>NA NA
Experiment Details
Genotype (Ecotype) Allele Treatment Treatment Detail Mutant Type Phenotype Tissue Development Stage Detection Method Editing Frequency Editing Extent Mutant Effect PMID
B73WT-1Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs98.94%HighNone33297963
B73WT-2Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs100.00%CompleteNone33297963
B73dek55-1MutationIn the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).Recessive; HeterozygousThe dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.Ear15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs24.16%LowDecreased33297963
B73dek55-2MutationThe dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.HeterozygousNAEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs64.36%HighDecreased33297963
Zea mays Zm00001d014471 Mitochondrion nad6 138 CDS C-to-U NA=>NA NA=>NA NA
Experiment Details
Genotype (Ecotype) Allele Treatment Treatment Detail Mutant Type Phenotype Tissue Development Stage Detection Method Editing Frequency Editing Extent Mutant Effect PMID
B73WT-1Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs44.80%MediumNone33297963
B73WT-2Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs48.59%MediumNone33297963
B73dek55-1MutationIn the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).Recessive; HeterozygousThe dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.Ear15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs23.94%LowDecreased33297963
B73dek55-2MutationThe dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.HeterozygousNAEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs22.08%LowDecreased33297963
Zea mays Zm00001d014471 Mitochondrion nad6 146 CDS C-to-U NA=>NA NA=>NA NA
Experiment Details
Genotype (Ecotype) Allele Treatment Treatment Detail Mutant Type Phenotype Tissue Development Stage Detection Method Editing Frequency Editing Extent Mutant Effect PMID
B73WT-1Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs80.47%HighNone33297963
B73WT-2Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs76.36%HighNone33297963
B73dek55-1MutationIn the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).Recessive; HeterozygousThe dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.Ear15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs48.98%MediumDecreased33297963
B73dek55-2MutationThe dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.HeterozygousNAEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs54.78%MediumDecreased33297963
Zea mays Zm00001d014471 Mitochondrion nad6 159 CDS C-to-U NA=>NA NA=>NA NA
Experiment Details
Genotype (Ecotype) Allele Treatment Treatment Detail Mutant Type Phenotype Tissue Development Stage Detection Method Editing Frequency Editing Extent Mutant Effect PMID
B73WT-1Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs33.36%LowNone33297963
B73WT-2Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs32.76%LowNone33297963
B73dek55-1MutationIn the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).Recessive; HeterozygousThe dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.Ear15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs7.52%PoorDecreased33297963
B73dek55-2MutationThe dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.HeterozygousNAEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs6.53%PoorDecreased33297963
Zea mays Zm00001d014471 Mitochondrion nad6 161 CDS C-to-U NA=>NA NA=>NA NA
Experiment Details
Genotype (Ecotype) Allele Treatment Treatment Detail Mutant Type Phenotype Tissue Development Stage Detection Method Editing Frequency Editing Extent Mutant Effect PMID
B73WT-1Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs86.42%HighNone33297963
B73WT-2Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs85.92%HighNone33297963
B73dek55-1MutationIn the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).Recessive; HeterozygousThe dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.Ear15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs75.09%HighDecreased33297963
B73dek55-2MutationThe dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.HeterozygousNAEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs61.85%HighDecreased33297963
Zea mays Zm00001d014471 Mitochondrion nad6 25 CDS C-to-U NA=>NA NA=>NA NA
Experiment Details
Genotype (Ecotype) Allele Treatment Treatment Detail Mutant Type Phenotype Tissue Development Stage Detection Method Editing Frequency Editing Extent Mutant Effect PMID
B73WT-1Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs86.89%HighNone33297963
B73WT-2Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs82.94%HighNone33297963
B73dek55-1MutationIn the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).Recessive; HeterozygousThe dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.Ear15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs67.19%HighDecreased33297963
B73dek55-2MutationThe dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.HeterozygousNAEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs46.45%MediumDecreased33297963
Zea mays Zm00001d014471 Mitochondrion nad7 445 CDS C-to-U NA=>NA NA=>NA NA
Experiment Details
Genotype (Ecotype) Allele Treatment Treatment Detail Mutant Type Phenotype Tissue Development Stage Detection Method Editing Frequency Editing Extent Mutant Effect PMID
B73WT-1Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs65.78%HighNone33297963
B73WT-2Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs82.23%HighNone33297963
B73dek55-1MutationIn the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).Recessive; HeterozygousThe dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.Ear15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs94.64%HighIncreased33297963
B73dek55-2MutationThe dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.HeterozygousNAEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs94.29%HighIncreased33297963
Zea mays Zm00001d014471 Mitochondrion rps12 284 CDS C-to-U NA=>NA NA=>NA NA
Experiment Details
Genotype (Ecotype) Allele Treatment Treatment Detail Mutant Type Phenotype Tissue Development Stage Detection Method Editing Frequency Editing Extent Mutant Effect PMID
B73WT-1Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs65.43%HighNone33297963
B73WT-2Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs64.94%HighNone33297963
B73dek55-1MutationIn the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).Recessive; HeterozygousThe dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.Ear15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs54.05%MediumDecreased33297963
B73dek55-2MutationThe dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.HeterozygousNAEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs48.15%MediumDecreased33297963
Zea mays Zm00001d014471 Mitochondrion rps12_ct 418 CDS C-to-U NA=>NA NA=>NA NA
Experiment Details
Genotype (Ecotype) Allele Treatment Treatment Detail Mutant Type Phenotype Tissue Development Stage Detection Method Editing Frequency Editing Extent Mutant Effect PMID
B73WT-1Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs96.81%HighNone33297963
B73WT-2Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs95.09%HighNone33297963
B73dek55-1MutationIn the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).Recessive; HeterozygousThe dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.Ear15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs79.47%HighDecreased33297963
B73dek55-2MutationThe dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.HeterozygousNAEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs56.84%MediumDecreased33297963
Zea mays Zm00001d014471 Mitochondrion rps13 56 CDS C-to-U UCA=>UUA S=>L Recoding
Experiment Details
Genotype (Ecotype) Allele Treatment Treatment Detail Mutant Type Phenotype Tissue Development Stage Detection Method Editing Frequency Editing Extent Mutant Effect PMID
B73WT-1Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPDirect sequencing of reverse transcription-polymerase chain64.27%HighNone33297963
B73WT-2Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPDirect sequencing of reverse transcription-polymerase chain61.56%HighNone33297963
B73dek55-1MutationIn the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).Recessive; HeterozygousThe dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.Ear15 DAPDirect sequencing of reverse transcription-polymerase chain3.46%PoorDecreased33297963
B73dek55-2MutationThe dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.HeterozygousNAEar15 DAPDirect sequencing of reverse transcription-polymerase chain6.83%PoorDecreased33297963
Zea mays Zm00001d014471 Mitochondrion rps3 1607 CDS C-to-U NA=>NA NA=>NA NA
Experiment Details
Genotype (Ecotype) Allele Treatment Treatment Detail Mutant Type Phenotype Tissue Development Stage Detection Method Editing Frequency Editing Extent Mutant Effect PMID
B73WT-1Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs66.95%HighNone33297963
B73WT-2Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs75.84%HighNone33297963
B73dek55-1MutationIn the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).Recessive; HeterozygousThe dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.Ear15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs86.10%HighIncreased33297963
B73dek55-2MutationThe dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.HeterozygousNAEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs89.58%HighIncreased33297963
Zea mays Zm00001d014471 Mitochondrion rps3 69 CDS C-to-U NA=>NA NA=>NA NA
Experiment Details
Genotype (Ecotype) Allele Treatment Treatment Detail Mutant Type Phenotype Tissue Development Stage Detection Method Editing Frequency Editing Extent Mutant Effect PMID
B73WT-1Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs78.64%HighNone33297963
B73WT-2Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs73.35%HighNone33297963
B73dek55-1MutationIn the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).Recessive; HeterozygousThe dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.Ear15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs63.14%HighDecreased33297963
B73dek55-2MutationThe dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.HeterozygousNAEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs53.32%MediumDecreased33297963
Zea mays Zm00001d014471 Mitochondrion rps3 707 CDS C-to-U NA=>NA NA=>NA NA
Experiment Details
Genotype (Ecotype) Allele Treatment Treatment Detail Mutant Type Phenotype Tissue Development Stage Detection Method Editing Frequency Editing Extent Mutant Effect PMID
B73WT-1Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs43.23%MediumNone33297963
B73WT-2Wild TypeWild TypeNo mutantNormalEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs57.12%MediumNone33297963
B73dek55-1MutationIn the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).Recessive; HeterozygousThe dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.Ear15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs68.71%HighIncreased33297963
B73dek55-2MutationThe dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.HeterozygousNAEar15 DAPThe strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs68.55%HighIncreased33297963
Last update: Jul 2021 (version 1.0)