DEK55 - Plant Editosome Database - CNCB-NGDC

DEK55 - Plant Editosome Database - CNCB-NGDC

Summary

Editing Factor:	DEK55
Synonym:	Defective Kernel 55
Description:	DEK55 plays a crucial role in RNA editing at multiple sites as well as in the splicing of nad1 and nad4 introns; Mutation in the DEK55 gene led to the dysfunction of mitochondrial complex I
Protein Family:	PPR
Subclass:	E
Physical Interaction:	ZmMORF1; ZmMORF8
Construct Structure:	PLS-E
Gene ID & Species:	Zm00001d014471 (Zea mays)
Edited Gene(s):	atp1 atp8 ccmFc ccmFn cob matR nad3 nad4 nad6 rps12_ct rps12 rps13 rps3 nad7
Editing Type(s):	C-to-U (124)
Publication(s):	[1] The novel E-subgroup pentatricopeptide repeat protein DEK55 is responsible for RNA editing at multiple sites and for the splicing of nad1 and nad4 in maize., BMC plant biology, 2020. [PMID=33297963]

Editing Details

Species

Gene ID

Organelle

Edited Gene

Position

Region

Nuclear Genome

Organelle Genome

Other Position Region

Other Position

Editing Type

Codon

Amino Acid

Molecular Effect

Experiment Details

Zea mays

Zm00001d014471

Mitochondrion

1490

CDS

B73_RefGen_v4

NA

NA

NA

C-to-U

CCU=>CUU

P=>L

Recoding

**Experiment Details**
Genotype (Ecotype)	Allele	Treatment	Treatment Detail	Mutant Type	Phenotype	Tissue	Development Stage	Detection Method	Editing Frequency	Editing Extent	Mutant Effect	PMID
B73	WT-1	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	Direct sequencing of reverse transcription-polymerase chain	91.16%	High	None	33297963
B73	WT-2	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	Direct sequencing of reverse transcription-polymerase chain	88.55%	High	None	33297963
B73	dek55-1	Mutation	In the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).	Recessive; Heterozygous	The dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.	Ear	15 DAP	Direct sequencing of reverse transcription-polymerase chain	29.70%	Low	Decreased	33297963
B73	dek55-2	Mutation	The dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.	Heterozygous	NA	Ear	15 DAP	RT‐PCR and the strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencin	16.66%	Poor	Decreased	33297963

Zea mays

Zm00001d014471

Mitochondrion

123

CDS

B73_RefGen_v4

NA

NA

NA

C-to-U

NA=>NA

NA=>NA

NA

**Experiment Details**
Genotype (Ecotype)	Allele	Treatment	Treatment Detail	Mutant Type	Phenotype	Tissue	Development Stage	Detection Method	Editing Frequency	Editing Extent	Mutant Effect	PMID
B73	WT-1	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	62.95%	High	None	33297963
B73	WT-2	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	63.04%	High	None	33297963
B73	dek55-1	Mutation	In the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).	Recessive; Heterozygous	The dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	50.59%	Medium	Decreased	33297963
B73	dek55-2	Mutation	The dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.	Heterozygous	NA	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	4.98%	Poor	Decreased	33297963

Zea mays

Zm00001d014471

Mitochondrion

1144

CDS

B73_RefGen_v4

NA

NA

NA

C-to-U

NA=>NA

NA=>NA

NA

**Experiment Details**
Genotype (Ecotype)	Allele	Treatment	Treatment Detail	Mutant Type	Phenotype	Tissue	Development Stage	Detection Method	Editing Frequency	Editing Extent	Mutant Effect	PMID
B73	WT-1	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	47.42%	Medium	None	33297963
B73	WT-2	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	43.84%	Medium	None	33297963
B73	dek55-1	Mutation	In the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).	Recessive; Heterozygous	The dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	31.61%	Low	Decreased	33297963
B73	dek55-2	Mutation	The dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.	Heterozygous	NA	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	27.69%	Low	Decreased	33297963

Zea mays

Zm00001d014471

Mitochondrion

1244

CDS

B73_RefGen_v4

NA

NA

NA

C-to-U

NA=>NA

NA=>NA

NA

**Experiment Details**
Genotype (Ecotype)	Allele	Treatment	Treatment Detail	Mutant Type	Phenotype	Tissue	Development Stage	Detection Method	Editing Frequency	Editing Extent	Mutant Effect	PMID
B73	WT-1	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	40.91%	Medium	None	33297963
B73	WT-2	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	36.20%	Low	None	33297963
B73	dek55-1	Mutation	In the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).	Recessive; Heterozygous	The dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	19.89%	Poor	Decreased	33297963
B73	dek55-2	Mutation	The dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.	Heterozygous	NA	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	12.45%	Poor	Decreased	33297963

Zea mays

Zm00001d014471

Mitochondrion

160

CDS

B73_RefGen_v4

NA

NA

NA

C-to-U

NA=>NA

NA=>NA

NA

**Experiment Details**
Genotype (Ecotype)	Allele	Treatment	Treatment Detail	Mutant Type	Phenotype	Tissue	Development Stage	Detection Method	Editing Frequency	Editing Extent	Mutant Effect	PMID
B73	WT-1	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	38.67%	Low	None	33297963
B73	WT-2	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	38.60%	Low	None	33297963
B73	dek55-1	Mutation	In the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).	Recessive; Heterozygous	The dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	23.03%	Low	Decreased	33297963
B73	dek55-2	Mutation	The dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.	Heterozygous	NA	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	19.35%	Poor	Decreased	33297963

Zea mays

Zm00001d014471

Mitochondrion

799

CDS

B73_RefGen_v4

NA

NA

NA

C-to-U

NA=>NA

NA=>NA

NA

**Experiment Details**
Genotype (Ecotype)	Allele	Treatment	Treatment Detail	Mutant Type	Phenotype	Tissue	Development Stage	Detection Method	Editing Frequency	Editing Extent	Mutant Effect	PMID
B73	WT-1	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	74.27%	High	None	33297963
B73	WT-2	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	68.22%	High	None	33297963
B73	dek55-1	Mutation	In the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).	Recessive; Heterozygous	The dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	50.85%	Medium	Decreased	33297963
B73	dek55-2	Mutation	The dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.	Heterozygous	NA	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	52.31%	Medium	Decreased	33297963

Zea mays

Zm00001d014471

Mitochondrion

866

CDS

B73_RefGen_v4

NA

NA

NA

C-to-U

NA=>NA

NA=>NA

NA

**Experiment Details**
Genotype (Ecotype)	Allele	Treatment	Treatment Detail	Mutant Type	Phenotype	Tissue	Development Stage	Detection Method	Editing Frequency	Editing Extent	Mutant Effect	PMID
B73	WT-1	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	48.70%	Medium	None	33297963
B73	WT-2	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	41.12%	Medium	None	33297963
B73	dek55-1	Mutation	In the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).	Recessive; Heterozygous	The dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	30.30%	Low	Decreased	33297963
B73	dek55-2	Mutation	The dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.	Heterozygous	NA	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	29.68%	Low	Decreased	33297963

Zea mays

Zm00001d014471

Mitochondrion

906

CDS

B73_RefGen_v4

NA

NA

NA

C-to-U

NA=>NA

NA=>NA

NA

**Experiment Details**
Genotype (Ecotype)	Allele	Treatment	Treatment Detail	Mutant Type	Phenotype	Tissue	Development Stage	Detection Method	Editing Frequency	Editing Extent	Mutant Effect	PMID
B73	WT-1	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	27.35%	Low	None	33297963
B73	WT-2	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	26.13%	Low	None	33297963
B73	dek55-1	Mutation	In the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).	Recessive; Heterozygous	The dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	13.44%	Poor	Decreased	33297963
B73	dek55-2	Mutation	The dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.	Heterozygous	NA	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	15.62%	Poor	Decreased	33297963

Zea mays

Zm00001d014471

Mitochondrion

1214

CDS

B73_RefGen_v4

NA

NA

NA

C-to-U

NA=>NA

NA=>NA

NA

**Experiment Details**
Genotype (Ecotype)	Allele	Treatment	Treatment Detail	Mutant Type	Phenotype	Tissue	Development Stage	Detection Method	Editing Frequency	Editing Extent	Mutant Effect	PMID
B73	WT-1	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	7.95%	Poor	None	33297963
B73	WT-2	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	11.55%	Poor	None	33297963
B73	dek55-1	Mutation	In the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).	Recessive; Heterozygous	The dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	40.27%	Medium	Increased	33297963
B73	dek55-2	Mutation	The dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.	Heterozygous	NA	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	34.80%	Low	Increased	33297963

Zea mays

Zm00001d014471

Mitochondrion

181

CDS

B73_RefGen_v4

NA

NA

NA

C-to-U

NA=>NA

NA=>NA

NA

**Experiment Details**
Genotype (Ecotype)	Allele	Treatment	Treatment Detail	Mutant Type	Phenotype	Tissue	Development Stage	Detection Method	Editing Frequency	Editing Extent	Mutant Effect	PMID
B73	WT-1	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	37.04%	Low	None	33297963
B73	WT-2	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	53.57%	Medium	None	33297963
B73	dek55-1	Mutation	In the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).	Recessive; Heterozygous	The dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	63.83%	High	Increased	33297963
B73	dek55-2	Mutation	The dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.	Heterozygous	NA	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	70.81%	High	Increased	33297963

Zea mays

Zm00001d014471

Mitochondrion

287

CDS

B73_RefGen_v4

NA

NA

NA

C-to-U

UCA=>UUA

S=>L

Recoding

**Experiment Details**
Genotype (Ecotype)	Allele	Treatment	Treatment Detail	Mutant Type	Phenotype	Tissue	Development Stage	Detection Method	Editing Frequency	Editing Extent	Mutant Effect	PMID
B73	WT-1	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	Direct sequencing of reverse transcription-polymerase chain	70.63%	High	None	33297963
B73	WT-2	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	Direct sequencing of reverse transcription-polymerase chain	60.70%	High	None	33297963
B73	dek55-1	Mutation	In the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).	Recessive; Heterozygous	The dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.	Ear	15 DAP	Direct sequencing of reverse transcription-polymerase chain	1.58%	Poor	Decreased	33297963
B73	dek55-2	Mutation	The dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.	Heterozygous	NA	Ear	15 DAP	Direct sequencing of reverse transcription-polymerase chain	1.67%	Poor	Decreased	33297963

Zea mays

Zm00001d014471

Mitochondrion

302

CDS

B73_RefGen_v4

NA

NA

NA

C-to-U

NA=>NA

NA=>NA

NA

**Experiment Details**
Genotype (Ecotype)	Allele	Treatment	Treatment Detail	Mutant Type	Phenotype	Tissue	Development Stage	Detection Method	Editing Frequency	Editing Extent	Mutant Effect	PMID
B73	WT-1	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	75.19%	High	None	33297963
B73	WT-2	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	79.44%	High	None	33297963
B73	dek55-1	Mutation	In the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).	Recessive; Heterozygous	The dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	57.00%	Medium	Decreased	33297963
B73	dek55-2	Mutation	The dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.	Heterozygous	NA	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	59.57%	Medium	Decreased	33297963

Zea mays

Zm00001d014471

Mitochondrion

564

CDS

B73_RefGen_v4

NA

NA

NA

C-to-U

NA=>NA

NA=>NA

NA

**Experiment Details**
Genotype (Ecotype)	Allele	Treatment	Treatment Detail	Mutant Type	Phenotype	Tissue	Development Stage	Detection Method	Editing Frequency	Editing Extent	Mutant Effect	PMID
B73	WT-1	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	85.27%	High	None	33297963
B73	WT-2	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	94.52%	High	None	33297963
B73	dek55-1	Mutation	In the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).	Recessive; Heterozygous	The dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	72.62%	High	Decreased	33297963
B73	dek55-2	Mutation	The dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.	Heterozygous	NA	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	73.93%	High	Decreased	33297963

Zea mays

Zm00001d014471

Mitochondrion

1730

CDS

B73_RefGen_v4

NA

NA

NA

C-to-U

NA=>NA

NA=>NA

NA

**Experiment Details**
Genotype (Ecotype)	Allele	Treatment	Treatment Detail	Mutant Type	Phenotype	Tissue	Development Stage	Detection Method	Editing Frequency	Editing Extent	Mutant Effect	PMID
B73	WT-1	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	48.94%	Medium	None	33297963
B73	WT-2	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	44.51%	Medium	None	33297963
B73	dek55-1	Mutation	In the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).	Recessive; Heterozygous	The dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	81.86%	High	Increased	33297963
B73	dek55-2	Mutation	The dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.	Heterozygous	NA	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	60.14%	High	Increased	33297963

Zea mays

Zm00001d014471

Mitochondrion

1785

CDS

B73_RefGen_v4

NA

NA

NA

C-to-U

NA=>NA

NA=>NA

NA

**Experiment Details**
Genotype (Ecotype)	Allele	Treatment	Treatment Detail	Mutant Type	Phenotype	Tissue	Development Stage	Detection Method	Editing Frequency	Editing Extent	Mutant Effect	PMID
B73	WT-1	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	11.37%	Poor	None	33297963
B73	WT-2	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	7.11%	Poor	None	33297963
B73	dek55-1	Mutation	In the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).	Recessive; Heterozygous	The dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	25.75%	Low	Increased	33297963
B73	dek55-2	Mutation	The dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.	Heterozygous	NA	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	27.78%	Low	Increased	33297963

Zea mays

Zm00001d014471

Mitochondrion

1877

CDS

B73_RefGen_v4

NA

NA

NA

C-to-U

CCA=>CUA

P=>L

Recoding

**Experiment Details**
Genotype (Ecotype)	Allele	Treatment	Treatment Detail	Mutant Type	Phenotype	Tissue	Development Stage	Detection Method	Editing Frequency	Editing Extent	Mutant Effect	PMID
B73	WT-1	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	Direct sequencing of reverse transcription-polymerase chain	62.98%	High	None	33297963
B73	WT-2	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	Direct sequencing of reverse transcription-polymerase chain	81.42%	High	None	33297963
B73	dek55-1	Mutation	In the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).	Recessive; Heterozygous	The dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.	Ear	15 DAP	Direct sequencing of reverse transcription-polymerase chain	1.94%	Poor	Decreased	33297963
B73	dek55-2	Mutation	The dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.	Heterozygous	NA	Ear	15 DAP	Direct sequencing of reverse transcription-polymerase chain	10.17%	Poor	Decreased	33297963

Zea mays

Zm00001d014471

Mitochondrion

146

CDS

B73_RefGen_v4

NA

NA

NA

C-to-U

NA=>NA

NA=>NA

NA

**Experiment Details**
Genotype (Ecotype)	Allele	Treatment	Treatment Detail	Mutant Type	Phenotype	Tissue	Development Stage	Detection Method	Editing Frequency	Editing Extent	Mutant Effect	PMID
B73	WT-1	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	36.59%	Low	None	33297963
B73	WT-2	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	33.71%	Low	None	33297963
B73	dek55-1	Mutation	In the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).	Recessive; Heterozygous	The dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	16.43%	Poor	Decreased	33297963
B73	dek55-2	Mutation	The dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.	Heterozygous	NA	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	19.15%	Poor	Decreased	33297963

Zea mays

Zm00001d014471

Mitochondrion

190

CDS

B73_RefGen_v4

NA

NA

NA

C-to-U

NA=>NA

NA=>NA

NA

**Experiment Details**
Genotype (Ecotype)	Allele	Treatment	Treatment Detail	Mutant Type	Phenotype	Tissue	Development Stage	Detection Method	Editing Frequency	Editing Extent	Mutant Effect	PMID
B73	WT-1	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	36.32%	Low	None	33297963
B73	WT-2	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	31.06%	Low	None	33297963
B73	dek55-1	Mutation	In the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).	Recessive; Heterozygous	The dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	15.45%	Poor	Decreased	33297963
B73	dek55-2	Mutation	The dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.	Heterozygous	NA	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	16.96%	Poor	Decreased	33297963

Zea mays

Zm00001d014471

Mitochondrion

77

CDS

B73_RefGen_v4

NA

NA

NA

C-to-U

NA=>NA

NA=>NA

NA

**Experiment Details**
Genotype (Ecotype)	Allele	Treatment	Treatment Detail	Mutant Type	Phenotype	Tissue	Development Stage	Detection Method	Editing Frequency	Editing Extent	Mutant Effect	PMID
B73	WT-1	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	98.94%	High	None	33297963
B73	WT-2	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	100.00%	Complete	None	33297963
B73	dek55-1	Mutation	In the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).	Recessive; Heterozygous	The dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	24.16%	Low	Decreased	33297963
B73	dek55-2	Mutation	The dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.	Heterozygous	NA	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	64.36%	High	Decreased	33297963

Zea mays

Zm00001d014471

Mitochondrion

138

CDS

B73_RefGen_v4

NA

NA

NA

C-to-U

NA=>NA

NA=>NA

NA

**Experiment Details**
Genotype (Ecotype)	Allele	Treatment	Treatment Detail	Mutant Type	Phenotype	Tissue	Development Stage	Detection Method	Editing Frequency	Editing Extent	Mutant Effect	PMID
B73	WT-1	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	44.80%	Medium	None	33297963
B73	WT-2	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	48.59%	Medium	None	33297963
B73	dek55-1	Mutation	In the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).	Recessive; Heterozygous	The dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	23.94%	Low	Decreased	33297963
B73	dek55-2	Mutation	The dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.	Heterozygous	NA	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	22.08%	Low	Decreased	33297963

Zea mays

Zm00001d014471

Mitochondrion

146

CDS

B73_RefGen_v4

NA

NA

NA

C-to-U

NA=>NA

NA=>NA

NA

**Experiment Details**
Genotype (Ecotype)	Allele	Treatment	Treatment Detail	Mutant Type	Phenotype	Tissue	Development Stage	Detection Method	Editing Frequency	Editing Extent	Mutant Effect	PMID
B73	WT-1	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	80.47%	High	None	33297963
B73	WT-2	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	76.36%	High	None	33297963
B73	dek55-1	Mutation	In the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).	Recessive; Heterozygous	The dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	48.98%	Medium	Decreased	33297963
B73	dek55-2	Mutation	The dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.	Heterozygous	NA	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	54.78%	Medium	Decreased	33297963

Zea mays

Zm00001d014471

Mitochondrion

159

CDS

B73_RefGen_v4

NA

NA

NA

C-to-U

NA=>NA

NA=>NA

NA

**Experiment Details**
Genotype (Ecotype)	Allele	Treatment	Treatment Detail	Mutant Type	Phenotype	Tissue	Development Stage	Detection Method	Editing Frequency	Editing Extent	Mutant Effect	PMID
B73	WT-1	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	33.36%	Low	None	33297963
B73	WT-2	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	32.76%	Low	None	33297963
B73	dek55-1	Mutation	In the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).	Recessive; Heterozygous	The dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	7.52%	Poor	Decreased	33297963
B73	dek55-2	Mutation	The dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.	Heterozygous	NA	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	6.53%	Poor	Decreased	33297963

Zea mays

Zm00001d014471

Mitochondrion

161

CDS

B73_RefGen_v4

NA

NA

NA

C-to-U

NA=>NA

NA=>NA

NA

**Experiment Details**
Genotype (Ecotype)	Allele	Treatment	Treatment Detail	Mutant Type	Phenotype	Tissue	Development Stage	Detection Method	Editing Frequency	Editing Extent	Mutant Effect	PMID
B73	WT-1	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	86.42%	High	None	33297963
B73	WT-2	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	85.92%	High	None	33297963
B73	dek55-1	Mutation	In the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).	Recessive; Heterozygous	The dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	75.09%	High	Decreased	33297963
B73	dek55-2	Mutation	The dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.	Heterozygous	NA	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	61.85%	High	Decreased	33297963

Zea mays

Zm00001d014471

Mitochondrion

25

CDS

B73_RefGen_v4

NA

NA

NA

C-to-U

NA=>NA

NA=>NA

NA

**Experiment Details**
Genotype (Ecotype)	Allele	Treatment	Treatment Detail	Mutant Type	Phenotype	Tissue	Development Stage	Detection Method	Editing Frequency	Editing Extent	Mutant Effect	PMID
B73	WT-1	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	86.89%	High	None	33297963
B73	WT-2	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	82.94%	High	None	33297963
B73	dek55-1	Mutation	In the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).	Recessive; Heterozygous	The dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	67.19%	High	Decreased	33297963
B73	dek55-2	Mutation	The dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.	Heterozygous	NA	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	46.45%	Medium	Decreased	33297963

Zea mays

Zm00001d014471

Mitochondrion

445

CDS

B73_RefGen_v4

NA

NA

NA

C-to-U

NA=>NA

NA=>NA

NA

**Experiment Details**
Genotype (Ecotype)	Allele	Treatment	Treatment Detail	Mutant Type	Phenotype	Tissue	Development Stage	Detection Method	Editing Frequency	Editing Extent	Mutant Effect	PMID
B73	WT-1	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	65.78%	High	None	33297963
B73	WT-2	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	82.23%	High	None	33297963
B73	dek55-1	Mutation	In the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).	Recessive; Heterozygous	The dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	94.64%	High	Increased	33297963
B73	dek55-2	Mutation	The dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.	Heterozygous	NA	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	94.29%	High	Increased	33297963

Zea mays

Zm00001d014471

Mitochondrion

284

CDS

B73_RefGen_v4

NA

NA

NA

C-to-U

NA=>NA

NA=>NA

NA

**Experiment Details**
Genotype (Ecotype)	Allele	Treatment	Treatment Detail	Mutant Type	Phenotype	Tissue	Development Stage	Detection Method	Editing Frequency	Editing Extent	Mutant Effect	PMID
B73	WT-1	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	65.43%	High	None	33297963
B73	WT-2	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	64.94%	High	None	33297963
B73	dek55-1	Mutation	In the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).	Recessive; Heterozygous	The dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	54.05%	Medium	Decreased	33297963
B73	dek55-2	Mutation	The dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.	Heterozygous	NA	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	48.15%	Medium	Decreased	33297963

Zea mays

Zm00001d014471

Mitochondrion

418

CDS

B73_RefGen_v4

NA

NA

NA

C-to-U

NA=>NA

NA=>NA

NA

**Experiment Details**
Genotype (Ecotype)	Allele	Treatment	Treatment Detail	Mutant Type	Phenotype	Tissue	Development Stage	Detection Method	Editing Frequency	Editing Extent	Mutant Effect	PMID
B73	WT-1	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	96.81%	High	None	33297963
B73	WT-2	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	95.09%	High	None	33297963
B73	dek55-1	Mutation	In the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).	Recessive; Heterozygous	The dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	79.47%	High	Decreased	33297963
B73	dek55-2	Mutation	The dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.	Heterozygous	NA	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	56.84%	Medium	Decreased	33297963

Zea mays

Zm00001d014471

Mitochondrion

56

CDS

B73_RefGen_v4

NA

NA

NA

C-to-U

UCA=>UUA

S=>L

Recoding

**Experiment Details**
Genotype (Ecotype)	Allele	Treatment	Treatment Detail	Mutant Type	Phenotype	Tissue	Development Stage	Detection Method	Editing Frequency	Editing Extent	Mutant Effect	PMID
B73	WT-1	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	Direct sequencing of reverse transcription-polymerase chain	64.27%	High	None	33297963
B73	WT-2	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	Direct sequencing of reverse transcription-polymerase chain	61.56%	High	None	33297963
B73	dek55-1	Mutation	In the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).	Recessive; Heterozygous	The dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.	Ear	15 DAP	Direct sequencing of reverse transcription-polymerase chain	3.46%	Poor	Decreased	33297963
B73	dek55-2	Mutation	The dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.	Heterozygous	NA	Ear	15 DAP	Direct sequencing of reverse transcription-polymerase chain	6.83%	Poor	Decreased	33297963

Zea mays

Zm00001d014471

Mitochondrion

1607

CDS

B73_RefGen_v4

NA

NA

NA

C-to-U

NA=>NA

NA=>NA

NA

**Experiment Details**
Genotype (Ecotype)	Allele	Treatment	Treatment Detail	Mutant Type	Phenotype	Tissue	Development Stage	Detection Method	Editing Frequency	Editing Extent	Mutant Effect	PMID
B73	WT-1	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	66.95%	High	None	33297963
B73	WT-2	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	75.84%	High	None	33297963
B73	dek55-1	Mutation	In the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).	Recessive; Heterozygous	The dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	86.10%	High	Increased	33297963
B73	dek55-2	Mutation	The dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.	Heterozygous	NA	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	89.58%	High	Increased	33297963

Zea mays

Zm00001d014471

Mitochondrion

69

CDS

B73_RefGen_v4

NA

NA

NA

C-to-U

NA=>NA

NA=>NA

NA

**Experiment Details**
Genotype (Ecotype)	Allele	Treatment	Treatment Detail	Mutant Type	Phenotype	Tissue	Development Stage	Detection Method	Editing Frequency	Editing Extent	Mutant Effect	PMID
B73	WT-1	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	78.64%	High	None	33297963
B73	WT-2	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	73.35%	High	None	33297963
B73	dek55-1	Mutation	In the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).	Recessive; Heterozygous	The dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	63.14%	High	Decreased	33297963
B73	dek55-2	Mutation	The dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.	Heterozygous	NA	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	53.32%	Medium	Decreased	33297963

Zea mays

Zm00001d014471

Mitochondrion

707

CDS

B73_RefGen_v4

NA

NA

NA

C-to-U

NA=>NA

NA=>NA

NA

**Experiment Details**
Genotype (Ecotype)	Allele	Treatment	Treatment Detail	Mutant Type	Phenotype	Tissue	Development Stage	Detection Method	Editing Frequency	Editing Extent	Mutant Effect	PMID
B73	WT-1	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	43.23%	Medium	None	33297963
B73	WT-2	Wild Type	Wild Type	No mutant	Normal	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	57.12%	Medium	None	33297963
B73	dek55-1	Mutation	In the dek55-1 mutant, nucleotide C was replaced with nucleotide T at + 449 bp, resulting in the substitution of the amino acid serine (Ser) with phenylalanine (Phe).	Recessive; Heterozygous	The dek55-1 kernels were smaller and presented a whitish pericarp, and they could be distinguished from the wild-type (WT) kernels at 15 days after pollination (DAP). At maturity, the dek55-1 kernels were much smaller and shrivelled. To further determine the mutant phenotype, both WT and dek55-1 kernels were longitudinally sliced at 15 DAP. Compared to the WT kernels, the mutant kernels had a small, soft endosperm. Furthermore, compared with the WT kernels, the dek55-1 kernels contained a smaller mature embryo and a reduced proportion of hard endosperm. In addition, the weight of dek55-1 kernel was approximately 70% lower than that of WT kernels. No dek55-1 seeds (0/100) germinated under field conditions, implying that embryo arrest is lethal in the mutants.To further investigate the developmental structure of dek55-1 kernels, we examined the kernel tissue structure of the WT and dek55-1 mutant at 12 and 18 DAP. At 12 DAP, the dek55-1 embryo had only a small scutellum whose development was arrested at the coleoptile stage and a large interspace between the endosperm and the seed coat. In contrast, the WT embryo contained a visible coleoptile, a shoot apical meristem, a scutellum, and two leaf primordia, and the kernel was filled with endosperm cells. At 18 DAP, the WT embryo had developed complete structures, including four leaf primordia, a shoot apical meristem, and a clearly visible root apical meristem, while the dek55-1 embryos presented only a single leaf primordium. In addition, fewer starch grains accumulated in the dek55-1 endosperm cells than in the WT endosperm cells at this stage, and a cavity was observed in the dek55-1 endosperm. Taken together, these results indicate that developmental defects in the embryo and endosperm had occurred in the dek55-1 mutant.	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	68.71%	High	Increased	33297963
B73	dek55-2	Mutation	The dek55-2 mutant showed a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) at + 729 bp, which led to a truncated protein.	Heterozygous	NA	Ear	15 DAP	The strand- and transcript-specific RNA sequencing (STS-PCRs	68.55%	High	Increased	33297963

Last update: Feb 2026 (version 2.0)