The detail information of Hypothyroidism
Basic Information
Disease Ontology ID: DDTO:0000441
Disease Description: A common endocrine disease where the body produces an abnormally low amount of thyroid hormones. An autoimmune destruction of the thyroid gland which affects more than 50, dog breeds
Inherit Mode: unknown
Disease Symptom: The changes due to gradually decreasing levels of circulating thyroid hormone are slow and insidious. Early signs (which are usually not recognized as being related to hypothyroidism) include lower energy levels and increased susceptibility to infections. As the disease progresses, you will likely notice changes in your dog's hair coat - symmetrical hair loss with or without darkening of the skin, and dry or greasy hair. Other signs of hypothyroidism include a slow heart rate, lethargy, mental dullness, intolerance to cold, infertility in males and females, constipation, and weight gain. Less commonly, a dog with hypothyroidism may experience heart disease, a bleeding disorder, profound muscular weakness associated with abnormalities in the muscles or nerves, or another endocrine disorder such as diabetes mellitus. Thyroid hormones are essential for normal growth and maturation of the nervous and skeletal systems. Puppies with congenital hypothyroidism will have stunted growth as well as many other abnormalities. Severely affected puppies most likely die before weaning.
Disease Cause: -
Disease Diagnose: Because there is such a broad range of possible clinical signs, hypothyroidism can be quite difficult to diagnose. Blood tests may show certain suggestive (but non-specific) abnormalities. If your veterinarian suspects this condition, s/he will perform laboratory tests to assess thyroid function.
Treat Method: The standard treatment is levo-thyroxine given once a day. This must be continued for life. Within a week of starting treatment, your dog's attitude and activity levels should improve. It can take up to 6 weeks before there is noticeable improvement in the skin and haircoat, but eventually all abnormalities should completely resolve. Dogs on thyroid replacement can live a normal life. Your veterinarian will monitor thyroid hormone levels periodically and adjust the dose if required. Certain other illnesses may also necessitate dosage adjustment. Congenital hypothyroidism is treated the same way. Clinical signs are usually completely reversed with subsequent normal physical and mental growth and development, as long as the condition is recognized and treatment started very early (3 to 4 months of age).
Breeder Advice: Although inheritance of this disorder has not been determined, it is advisable not to breed affected dogs. The OFA (Orthopedic Foundation for Animals) maintains a thyroid registry based on assessment of FT4, cTSH, and TgAA, which is useful for breeders attempting to choose dogs free of hypothyroidism for a breeding programme.
Disease Description Source: Link
Associated Diseases
| Disease Name | Other Name | Mode of inheritance | Link ID | Possible OMIM ID | Gene |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hypoparathyroidism | - | - | - | ||
| Hypothyroidism, congenital | Congenital hypothyroidism with goiter | Autosomal Recessive | - | ||
| Hypothyroidism, primary | - | - | - | - | |
| Hypothyroidism, congenital dyshormonogenic, with goiter | - | Autosomal Recessive | - |
Associated Breeds
| iDog Breed Number | Breed Name | Personality | Height | Weight | Breed Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CB2 | Afghan Hound | Independent, sweet, silly | 63.5-68.6 cm | 22.7-27.2 kg | Afghanistan |
| CB3 | Airedale Terrier | Clever, confident, proud; friendly but courageous | 58.4 cm | 22.7-31.8 kg | United Kingdom (England) |
| CB5 | Alaskan Malamute | Affectionate, loyal, playful but dignified | 63.5 cm (male), 58.4 cm (female) | 38.6 kg (male), 34 kg (female) | United States |
| CB45 | Borzoi(Russian wolfhound) | Loyal, affectionate, regally dignified; a charming but independent-minded canine nobleman | 71.1 cm & up (male), 66 cm & up (female) | 34-47.6 kg (male), 27.2-38.6 kg (female) | Russia |
| CB48 | German Boxer | Fun-loving, bright, active and loyal | 58.4-63.5 cm (male), 54.6-59.7 cm (female) | 29.5-36.3 kg (male), females are about 6.8 kg less than male | Germany |
| CB58 | English Bulldog | Calm, courageous, and friendly; dignified but amusing. | 35.6-38.1 cm | 22.7 kg (male), 18.1 kg (female) | United Kingdom (England) |
| CB73 | Chinese Shar-Pei | Steadfastly devoted to loved ones, but standoffish and lordly toward strangers | 45.7-50.8 cm | 20.4-27.2 kg | China |
| CB75 | Chow Chow | Serious-minded, dignified, bright, and aloof | 43.2-50.8 cm | 20.4-31.8 kg | China |
| CB78 | Cocker Spaniel | Happy, smart, gentle | 36.8-39.4 cm (male), 34.3-36.8 cm (female) | 11.3-13.6 kg (male), 9.1-11.3 kg (female) | |
| CB88 | Doberman Pinscher | Alert, fearless, loyal, and highly trainable | 66-71.1 cm (male), 61-66 cm (female) | 34-45.4 kg (male), 27.2-40.8 kg (female) | Germany |
| CB114 | Giant Schnauzer | Loyal, alert, trainable, with the stable temperament required in big dogs of great strength | 64.8-69.9 cm (male), 59.7-64.8 cm (female) | 27.2-38.6 kg (male), 24.9-34 kg (female) | Germany |
| CB116 | Golden Retriever | Intelligent, friendly, and devoted. | 58.4-61 cm (male), 54.6-57.2 cm (female) | 29.5-34 kg (male), 24.9-29.5 kg (female) | United Kingdom (Scotland) |
| CB119 | Great Dane | Friendly, patient, & dependable. | 76.2-86.4 cm (male), 71.1-81.3 cm (female) | 54.4-90.7 kg (male), 44.9-59 kg (female) | Germany |
| CB131 | Irish Setter | Outgoing, sweet-natured, active, and trainable | 68.6 cm (male), 63.5 cm (female) | 31.8 kg (male), 27.2 kg (female) | Ireland |
| CB134 | Irish Wolfhound | Calm, dignified, kindly; courageous but not aggressive | 81.3 cm minimum (male), 76.2 cm minimum (female) | 54.4 kg (male), 47.6 kg (female) | Ireland |
| CB157 | English Mastiff | Courageous and dignified, but good-natured and docile | 76.2 cm & up (male), 69.9 cm & up (female) | 72.6-104.3 kg (male), 54.4-77.1 kg (female) | England |
| CB161 | Miniature Schnauzer | Friendly, smart, obedient | 30.5-35.6 cm | 5-9.1 kg | Germany |
| CB166 | Newfoundland | Sweet, patient, devoted; Newfs are famously good companions | 71.1 cm (male), 66 cm (female) | 59-68 kg (male), 45.4-54.4 kg (female) | Canada |
| CB187 | Pomeranian | Inquisitive, Bold, Lively | 15.2-17.8 cm | 1.4-3.2 kg | Germany, Poland |
| CB216 | Shetland Shepherd Dog | Bright, playful, and energetic | 33-40.6 cm | 6.8-11.3 kg | United Kingdom (Scotland) |
| CB217 | Japanese Shiba Inu | Alert, active, and attentive | 35.6-43.2 cm (male), 33-40.6 cm (female) | 8.2-10.9 kg (male), 6.8-9.1 kg (female) | Japan |
| CB253 | Welsh Springer Spaniel | Happy, upbeat, family oriented; reserved but not shy with strangers | 45.7-48.3 cm (male), 43.2-45.7 cm (female) | 18.1-24.9 kg (male), 15.9-22.7 kg (female) | United Kingdom (Wales) |
| CB265 | American Pit Bull Terrier | Strength, confidence, and zest for life,eager to please and brimming over with enthusiasm,excellent family companions | 45.7-53.3 cm (male), 43.2 to 50.8 cm (female) | 15.9-27.2 kg (male), 13.6-22.7 kg (female) | United States |
| CB268 | Miniature Poodle | Intelligent, Eager-to-please , Charming companion | 25-38 cm | 4.5-6.8kg | France&Germany |
| CB4 | Akita | Dignified, courageous, and profoundly loyal to their humans | 66-71.1 cm (male), 61-66 cm (female) | 45.4-59 kg (male), 31.8-45.4 kg (female) | Japan |
| CB11 | American Staffordshire Terrier | Confident, Smart, Good-natured | 18-19 inches (male), 17-18 inches (female) | 55-70 pounds (male), 40-55 pounds (female) | United States |
| CB15 | Australian Cattle Dog | Alert, curious, and pleasant | 45.7-50.8 cm (male), 43.2-48.3 cm (female) | 15.9-22.7 kg | Australia |
| CB17 | Australian Terrier | Affectionate, Courageous, Spirited | 25.4-27.9 cm | 5.4-8.2 kg | Australia |
| CB21 | Basset Fauve de Bretagne(Fawn Brittany Basset) | Smart, Cheerful, Determined | 32–38 cm (13–15 in) | France | |
| CB23 | Bavarian Mountain Scent Hound | Loyal, Versatile, Reserved with Strangers | 17-20.5 inches | 37-66 pound | |
| CB25 | Bearded Collie | Bouncy, charismatic, friendly; smart, but also stubborn and independent | 53.3-55.9 cm (male), 50.8-53.3 cm (female) | 20.4-24.9 kg | United Kingdom (Scotland) |
| CB26 | Beauceron(French Short-Haired Shepherd Dog) | Smart, obedient, gentle; reserved with strangers, loving and eager to please with preferred humans | 64.8-69.9 cm (male), 61-67.3 cm (female) | 31.8-49.9 kg | France |
| CB30 | Belgian Shepherd Dog | Serious-minded, watchful, and very bright and trainable | 61-66 cm (male), 55.9-61 cm (female) | 24.9-34 kg (male), 20.4-27.2 kg (female) | Belgium |
| CB31 | Belgian Tervuren | Smart, self-assured, very trainable; affectionate and possessive with loved ones | 61-66 cm (male), 55.9-61 cm (female) | 24.9-34 kg (male), 20.4-27.2 kg (female) | Belgium |
| CB32 | Bergamasco Shepherd Dog | Eager to please, very smart, and an indpendent problem solver; patient but protective | 59.7 cm (male), 55.9 cm (female) | 31.8-38.1 kg (male), 25.9-32.2 kg (female) | Italy |
| CB35 | Bichon Frise | Playful, curious, and peppy | 24.1-29.2 cm | 5.4-8.2 kg | Spain, Belgium |
| CB40 | Bluetick Coonhound | Smart,Fearless | 55.9-68.6 cm (male), 53.3-63.5 cm (female) | 24.9-36.3 kg (male), 20.4-29.5 kg (female) | United States |
| CB46 | Boston Terrier | Friendly, bright, amusing, and adaptable. | 38.1-43.2 cm | 4.5-11.3 kg | United States |
| CB47 | Bouvier des Flandres(Flanders Cattle Dog) | Strong-willed, even-tempered, courageous; affectionate with family, intimidating to intruders | 62.2-69.9 cm (male), 59.7-67.3 cm (female) | 31.8-49.9 kg | Belgium |
| CB49 | Boykin Spaniel | Friendly, eager, trainable, lovable | 39.4-45.7 cm (male), 35.6-41.9 cm (female) | 13.6-18.1 kg (male), 11.3-15.9 kg (female) | United States |
| CB54 | Brittany | Bright, upbeat, fun-loving at home; a tireless, enthusiastic worker afield | 44.5-52.1 cm | 13.6-18.1 kg | France |
| CB60 | Cairn Terrier | Cheerful, alert, busy and independent-minded | 25.4 cm (male), 24.1 cm (female) | 6.4 kg (male), 5.9 kg (female) | United Kingdom (Scotland) |
| CB61 | Canaan Dog | Alert, vigilant, territorial; docile with family, aloof with strangers | 50.8-61 cm (male), 48.3-58.4 cm (female) | 20.4-24.9 kg (male), 15.9-20.4 kg (female) | Middle East Lebanon - Israel |
| CB68 | Central Asian Shepherd Dog | Independent, Courageous, Self-Confident | 25.5-27.5 inches | 88-110 pounds | Russia |
| CB72 | Chinese Crested | Lively, alert, and affectionate | 27.9-33 cm | 3.6-5.4 kg | Africa, Mexico |
| CB74 | Chinook | Patient, smart, willing to please; a devoted family dog | 61-66 cm (male), 55.9-61 cm (female) | 24.9-40.8 kg (male), 22.7-29.5 kg (female) | United States |
| CB76 | Cirneco dell'Etna | Affectionate, Friendly, Independent | 18-19.5 inches (male), 16.5-18 inches (female) | 22-26 pounds (male), 17-22 pounds (female) | Italy |
| CB80 | Coton de Tulear | Bright, happy-go-lucky, endlessly charming; born to love and to be loved | 25.4-27.9 cm (male), 22.9-25.4 cm (female) | 4.1-6.8 kg (male), 3.6-5.9 kg (female) | Madagascar |
| CB85 | Dandie Dinmont Terrier | Independent, proud, smart; affectionate at home, bold and tenacious in the field | 20.3-27.9 cm | 8.2-10.9 kg | United Kingdom (Scotland) |
| CB86 | Danish-Swedish Farmdog | Energetic, Trainable, Attentive | 34-37cm (male), 32-35 cm (female) | 6.8-9 kg | Denmark, Sweden |
| CB89 | Dogo Argentino | Loyal, trustworthy,courageous | 61-68.6 cm (male), 59.7-66 cm (female) | 36.3-45.4 kg | Argentina |
| CB95 | English Foxhound | Affectionate, Gentle, Sociable | 61 cm | 27.2-34 kg | United Kingdom (England) |
| CB97 | English Springer Spaniel | Friendly, playful, obedient at home; hardworking and steady in the field | 50.8 cm (male), 48.3 cm (female) | 22.7 kg (male), 18.1 kg (female) | United Kingdom (England) |
| CB98 | English Toy Spaniel | Affectionate, Alert, Merry | 22.9-25.4 cm | 3.6-6.4 kg | England |
| CB103 | Finnish Lapphund | Reserved with strangers, but usually calm and friendly; submissive at home, courageous at work | 45.7-53.3 cm (male), 40.6-48.3 cm (female) | 15-24 kg | Finland |
| CB106 | French Bulldog | Playful, smart, adaptable, and completely irresistible | 27.9-33 cm | under 12.7 kg | United Kingdom (England), France |
| CB111 | German Short-Haired Pointer | Friendly, smart, willing to please | 58.4-63.5 cm (male), 53.3-58.4 cm (female) | 24.9-31.8 kg (male), 20.4-27.2 kg (female) | Germany |
| CB112 | German Spitz | Devoted, Lively, Attentive | 12-15 inches | 24-26 pounds | Germany |
| CB115 | Irish Glen of Imaal Terrier | Gentler, less excitable than most terriers, but still bold and spirited | 31.8-35.6 cm | 14.5-18.1 kg | Ireland |
| CB117 | Gordon Setter | Bold, confident, and resolute afield; sweetly affectionate by the fireside | 61-68.6 cm (male), 58.4-66 cm (female) | 24.9-36.3 kg (male), 20.4-31.8 kg (female) | United Kingdom (Scotland) |
| CB118 | Grand Basset Griffon Vendeen | Happy and sociable at home, stubborn and tenacious at work | 39.4-45.7 cm | 18.1-20.4 kg | France |
| CB120 | Great Pyrenees | Calm, patient, smart; strong-willed yet affectionate | 68.6-81.3 cm (male), 63.5-73.7 cm (female) | 45.4 kg & up (male), 38.6 kg & up (female) | France, Spain |
| CB121 | Greater Swiss Mountain Dog | Faithful, dependable, family oriented; Swissies are famously even-tempered | 64.8-72.4 cm (male), 60.2-68.6 cm (female) | 52.2-63.5 kg (male), 38.6-49.9 kg (female) | Switzerland |
| CB123 | Hamiltonstovare(Hamilton Hound) | Agile, Versatile, Regal | 53-61cm (male) 49-57cm (female) | 18-26kg | Sweden |
| CB129 | Icelandic Shepherd Dog | Confident, cheerful, sociable; the expression “man’s best friend” was coined for dogs like this | 45.7 cm (male), 41.9 cm (female) | 13.6 kg (male), 11.3 kg (female) | Iceland |
| CB132 | Irish Terrier | Bold, dashing, even reckless; stouthearted at work, tenderhearted at home | 45.7 cm | 12.2 kg (male), 11.3 kg (female) | Ireland |
| CB135 | Italian Greyhound | Sensitive and alert, playful, highly affectionate | 33-38.1 cm | 3.2-6.4 kg | Italy |
| CB142 | Irish Blue Terrier | Smart and alert; people oriented, with a dash of Irish humor in his heart | 45.7-49.5 cm (male), 44.5-48.3 cm (female) | 15-18.1 kg (male), females weigh slightly less than males | Ireland |
| CB143 | Kishu Inu(Kishu Ken) | Faithful, Noble, Docile | 52cm (male) 49cm (female) | 13.6-27.2kg | Japan |
| CB145 | Kromfohrlander | Intelligent, Active, Sensitive | 38-46cm | 11-16kg (male) 9-14kg (female) | Germany |
| CB147 | Labrador Retriever | Friendly and outgoing, Labs play well with others | 57.2-62.2 cm (male), 54.6-59.7 cm (female) | 29.5-36.3 kg (male), 24.9-31.8 kg (female) | Canada, United Kingdom (England) |
| CB148 | Lagotto Romagnolo(Romagna Water Dog) | Easygoing, affectionate, and eager to please | 43.2-48.3 cm (male), 40.6-45.7 cm (female) | 12.9-15.9 kg (male), 10.9-14.1 kg (female) | Italy |
| CB150 | Lancashire Heeler | Affectionate, Versatile, Intelligent | 25.4-35cm | 4-7.7kg | United Kingdom (England) |
| CB154 | Lowchen(Little Lion Dog) | Affectionate, Outgoing, Positive | 12-14 inches | 15 pounds | Germany, France, Netherlands, Spain |
| CB156 | Manchester Terrier | Spirited, bright, keenly observant; dead loyal, in an independent terrier way | 38.1-40.6 cm | 5.4-10 kg (standard) | United Kingdom (England) |
| CB158 | Miniature American Shepherd Dog | Smart, watchful, lively; a loyal snuggler when off-duty | 35.6-45.7 cm (male), 33-43.2 cm (female) | 9.1-18.1 kg | United States |
| CB160 | Miniature Pinscher | Fearless, Fun-Loving, Proud | 25.4-31.8 cm | 3.6-4.5 kg | Germany |
| CB162 | Mountain Cur | Intelligent, Strong-Willed | 41-66cm | 13.6-27.2kg | United States |
| CB165 | Nederlandse Kooikerhondje(Nederlandse Little Cager Dog) | Friendly, Alert, Quick | 38-43.2cm (male) 35.6-41cm (female) | Netherlands | |
| CB167 | Norfolk Terrier | Alert, fearless, fun-loving, and more sociable than the usual terrier | 22.9-25.4 cm | 5-5.4 kg | United Kingdom |
| CB171 | Norwegian Lundehund | Loving and loyal, also brave, tenacious, and a bit stubborn | 33-38.1 cm (male), 30.5-35.6 cm (female) | 9.1-13.6 kg | Norway |
| CB173 | Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever | Smart, outgoing, busy; as affectionate and eager to please as any good retriever | 45.7-53.3 cm (male), 43.2-50.8 cm (female) | 15.9-22.7 kg | Canada |
| CB174 | Old English Shepherd Dog | Adaptable, smart, gentle; OES are famous for their sweet, agreeable nature | 55.9 cm & up (male), 53.3 cm & up (female) | 27.2-45.4 kg | United Kingdom (England) |
| CB175 | Otterhound | Even-Tempered, amiable, boisterous | 68.6 cm (male), 61 cm (female) | 52.2 kg (male), 36.3 kg (female) | United Kingdom (England) |
| CB176 | Papillon(Continental Toy Spaniel) | Happy, alert, friendly | 20.3-27.9 cm | 2.3-4.5 kg | Spain, Belgium, France |
| CB177 | Parson Russell Terrier | Bold, friendly, athletic, and clever | 35.6 cm (male), 33 cm (female) | 5.9-7.7 kg | United Kingdom (England) |
| CB179 | Pembroke Welsh Corgi | Smart and alert, affectionate but not pushy, bold but kindly. | 25.4-30.5 cm | up to 13.6 kg (male), up to 12.7 kg (female) | United Kingdom(Wales) |
| CB180 | Perro de Presa Canario(Canary Mastiff) | Confident, Calm, Strong-Willed | 22-26 inches | 84-110 pounds | Spain |
| CB186 | Polish Lowland Shepherd Dog | Lively, clever, confident; very loyal, but an independent worker | 45.7-50.8 cm (male), 43.2-48.3 cm (female) | 13.6-22.7 kg | Poland |
| CB188 | Poodle | Proud, active and very smart | 25.4 cm & under (toy), 25.4-38.1 cm (miniature), over 38.1 cm (standard) | 1.8-2.7 kg (toy), 4.5-6.8 kg (miniature), 27.2-31.8 kg (male standard), 18.1-22.7 kg (female standard) | Germany, France |
| CB195 | Pudelpointer | Friendly, Smart, Willing to Please | 22-26 inches | 45-70 pounds | Germany |
| CB197 | Hungarian Puli | Loyal, smart, home-loving; strong-willed but trainable | 43.2 cm (male), 40.6 cm (female) | 11.3-15.9 kg | Hungary |
| CB205 | Rottweiler | Reserved with strangers and affectionate and loyal with his family. | 61-68.6 cm (male), 55.9-63.5 cm (female) | 49.9-59 kg (male), 34.9-49.9 kg (female) | Germany |
| CB206 | Russell Terrier | Alert, lively, inquisitive, and friendly | 25.4-30.5 cm | 4.1-6.8 kg | United Kingdom (England) |
| CB210 | Samoyed | Gentle, adaptable, eager, friendly; conservative but never shy | 53.3-59.7 cm (male), 48.3-53.3 cm (female) | 20.4-29.5 kg (male), 15.9-22.7 kg (female) | Russia |
| CB211 | Schapendoes | Friendly, high spirited, and affectionate | Netherlands | ||
| CB213 | Scottish Deerhound | Dignified, gentle, polite; quietly intelligent and perceptive | 76.2-81.3 cm (male), 71.1 cm & up (female) | 38.6-49.9 kg (male), 34-43.1 kg (female) | United Kingdom (Scotland) |
| CB214 | Scottish Terrier | Independent, confident, and never shy; spirited but dignified | 25.4 cm | 8.6-10 kg (male), 8.2-9.5 kg (female) | United Kingdom (Scotland) |
| CB215 | Sealyham Terrier | Alert and outgoing; stubbornness is tempered by a sly sense of humor | 26.7 cm | 10.4-10.9 kg (male), slightly less (females) | United Kingdom (Wales) |
| CB219 | Kochi Ken(Shikoku) | Cautious and brave with good judgment,loyal to its master. | Japan | ||
| CB221 | Silky Terrier | Friendly, vivacious, cheeky; in all ways a true terrier | 22.9-25.4 cm | around 4.5 kg | Australia |
| CB228 | Soft-Coated Wheaten Terrier | Happy, friendly, and deeply devoted; just stubborn enough to remind you they’re terriers | 45.7-48.3 cm (male), 43.2-45.7 cm (female) | 15.9-18.1 kg (male), 13.6-15.9 kg (female) | Ireland |
| CB229 | Spanish Mastiff | Aloof, dignified, calm and intelligent | Spain | ||
| CB233 | Stabyhoun | Friendly, sensitive, intelligent, peaceful, patient, and willing to please, but may be stubborn on occasion | Netherlands | ||
| CB236 | Sussex Spaniel | Merry and friendly, in the classic spaniel manner | 33-38.1 cm | 15.9-20.4 kg | United Kingdom (England) |
| CB252 | Weimaraner | Friendly, fearless, alert, obedient | 63.5-68.6 cm (male), 58.4-63.5 cm (female) | 31.8-40.8 kg (male), 24.9-34 kg (female) | Germany |
| CB255 | West Highland White Terrier | Happy, smart, loyal, entertaining | 27.9 cm (male). 25.4 cm, female | 6.8-9.1 kg | United Kingdom (Scotland) |
| CB257 | Wire-Haired Fox Terrier | Alert, quick of movement, keen of expression, on tiptoe of expectation at slightest provocation. Friendly, forthcoming and fearless. | 39 cm | 8.25 kg | United Kingdom (England) |
| CB263 | Akbash Dog | Calm, quiet, and steady.,independent ,loyal, gentle, and quietly affectionate with its own family, including children and family pets, but remains aloof and suspicious toward strangers. | 76.2-86.4 cm (male), 71.1-81.3 cm (female) | 54.4 kg (male), 40.8 kg (female) | Turkey |
| CB183 | Pharaoh Hound | Smart and alert; noble, but friendly and affectionate | 58.4-63.5 cm (male), 53.3-61 cm (female) | 20.4-24.9 kg | Malta |
| CB269 | Standard Poodle | Intelligent and quick-to-please | 56-66 cm | ||
| CB242 | Tibetan Mastiff | Mellow and calm around the house; devoted to family, reserved and territorial with strangers. | 66-76.2 cm (male), 61-71.1 cm (female) | 45.4-72.6 kg (male), 34-54.4 kg (female) | Tibet |
| CB271 | Toy Manchester Terrier | Devoted, Discerning ,Friendly | 25.4-30.5 cm | under 5.5 kg | United Kingdom (England), United States |
| CB270 | Toy Poodle | Intelligent, eager to please, quick to learn and an affectionate, loyal pet. | under 25 cm |
Associated Disease Variants from OMIA
Gene Differential Expression
References
| 2018 |
SolerArias,E.A.,Castillo,V.A.,Garcia,J.D.,Fyfe,J.C.: :
Congenital dyshormonogenic hypothyroidism with goiter caused by a sodium/iodide symporter (SLC5A5) mutation in a family of Shih-Tzu dogs. Domest Anim Endocrinol 65:1-8, 2018. Pubmed reference: 29777899 . DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2018.04.005 . |
| 2016 |
Åhlgren,J.,Uimari,P.: :
Heritability of hypothyroidism in the Finnish Hovawart population. Acta Vet Scand 58:39, 2016. Pubmed reference: 27267591 . DOI: 10.1186/s13028-016-0221-8 . |
| 2015 |
Vrabelova,D.,Gilor,C.,Habing,A.,Schober,K.E.,Johnson,S.: :
Synchronous Diaphragmatic Flutter Secondary to Primary Hypoparathyroidism in a Dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 51:392-5, 2015. Pubmed reference: 26535458 . DOI: 10.5326/JAAHA-MS-6235 . |
| 2015 |
Bianchi,M.,Dahlgren,S.,Massey,J.,Dietschi,E.,Kierczak,M.,Lund-Ziener,M.,Sundberg,K.,Thoresen,S.I.,Kämpe,O.,Andersson,G.,Ollier,W.E.,Hedhammar,Å.,Leeb,T.,Lindblad-Toh,K.,Kennedy,L.J.,Lingaas,F.,RosengrenPielberg,G.: :
A Multi-Breed Genome-Wide Association Analysis for Canine Hypothyroidism Identifies a Shared Major Risk Locus on CFA12. PLoS One 10:e0134720, 2015. Pubmed reference: 26261983 . DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134720 . |
| 2015 |
Major,S.,Pettigrew,R.W.,Fyfe,J.C.: :
Molecular Genetic Characterization of Thyroid Dyshormonogenesis in a French Bulldog. J Vet Intern Med 29:1534-40, 2015. Pubmed reference: 26478542 . DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13651 . |
| 2015 |
Mazaki-Tovi,M.,Abood,S.K.,Kol,A.,Farkas,A.,Schenck,P.A.: :
Increased serum concentrations of adiponectin in canine hypothyroidism. Vet J 203:253-5, 2015. Pubmed reference: 25555336 . DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.12.007 . |
| 2015 |
Miller,J.,Popiel,J.,Chełmońska-Soyta,A.: :
Humoral and Cellular Immune Response in Canine Hypothyroidism. J Comp Pathol :, 2015. Pubmed reference: 25958183 . DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2015.03.003 . |
| 2015 |
Oberbauer,A.M.,Belanger,J.M.,Bellumori,T.,Bannasch,D.L.,Famula,T.R.: :
Ten inherited disorders in purebred dogs by functional breed groupings. Canine Genet Epidemiol 2:9, 2015. Pubmed reference: 26401337 . DOI: 10.1186/s40575-015-0021-x . |
| 2015 |
Voorbij,A.M.,Leegwater,P.A.,Buijtels,J.J.,Daminet,S.,Kooistra,H.S.: :
Central Hypothyroidism in Miniature Schnauzers. J Vet Intern Med 30:85-91, 2015. Pubmed reference: 26696394 . DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13818 . |
| 2015 |
Ziener,M.L.,Dahlgren,S.,Thoresen,S.I.,Lingaas,F.: :
Genetics and epidemiology of hypothyroidism and symmetrical onychomadesis in the Gordon setter and the English setter. Canine Genet Epidemiol 2:12, 2015. Pubmed reference: 26401340 . DOI: 10.1186/s40575-015-0025-6 . |
| 2014 |
Johnstone,T.,Terzo,E.,Mooney,C.T.: :
Hypothyroidism associated with acromegaly and insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus in a Samoyed. Aust Vet J 92:437-42, 2014. Pubmed reference: 25290378 . DOI: 10.1111/avj.12237 . |
| 2013 |
Bellumori,T.P.,Famula,T.R.,Bannasch,D.L.,Belanger,J.M.,Oberbauer,A.M.: :
Prevalence of inherited disorders among mixed-breed and purebred dogs: 27,254 cases (1995-2010). J Am Vet Med Assoc 242:1549-55, 2013. Pubmed reference: 23683021 . DOI: 10.2460/javma.242.11.1549 . |
| 2013 |
Fyfe,J.C.,Lynch,M.,Olsen,J.,Louёr,E.: :
A thyroid peroxidase (TPO) mutation in dogs reveals a canid-specific gene structure. Mamm Genome 24:127-33, 2013. Pubmed reference: 23223904 . DOI: 10.1007/s00335-012-9442-y . |
| 2013 |
Bellumori,T.P.,Famula,T.R.,Bannasch,D.L.,Belanger,J.M.,Oberbauer,A.M.: :
Prevalence of inherited disorders among mixed-breed and purebred dogs: 27,254 cases (1995-2010). J Am Vet Med Assoc 242:1549-55, 2013. Pubmed reference: 23683021 . DOI: 10.2460/javma.242.11.1549 . |
| 2012 |
Dodgson,S.E.,Day,R.,Fyfe,J.C.: :
Congenital hypothyroidism with goiter in Tenterfield terriers. J Vet Intern Med 26:1350-7, 2012. Pubmed reference: 23113744 . DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.01015.x . |
| 2011 |
Bojanic,K.,Acke,E.,Jones,B.: :
Congenital hypothyroidism of dogs and cats: A review. N Z Vet J 59:115-22, 2011. Pubmed reference: 21541884 . DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2011.567964 . |
| 2011 |
Jaillardon,L.,Martin,L.,Nguyen,P.,Siliart,B.: :
Serum insulin-like growth factor type 1 concentrations in healthy dogs and dogs with spontaneous primary hypothyroidism. Vet J :, 2011. Pubmed reference: 21546289 . DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.03.020 . |
| 2007 |
Ferguson,DC.: :
Testing for hypothyroidism in dogs. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 37:647-69, v, 2007. Pubmed reference: 17619004 . DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2007.05.015 . |
| 2007 |
Graham,PA.,Refsal,KR.,Nachreiner,RF.: :
Etiopathologic findings of canine hypothyroidism. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 37:617-31, v, 2007. Pubmed reference: 17619002 . DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2007.05.002 . |
| 2007 |
Pettigrew,R.,Fyfe,J.C.,Gregory,B.L.,Lipsitz,D.,Delahunta,A.,Summers,B.A.,Shelton,G.D.: :
CNS hypomyelination in Rat Terrier dogs with congenital goiter and a mutation in the thyroid peroxidase gene. Vet Pathol 44:50-6, 2007. Pubmed reference: 17197623 . DOI: 10.1354/vp.44-1-50 . |
| 2006 |
Kennedy,LJ.,Huson,HJ.,Leonard,J.,Angles,JM.,Fox,LE.,Wojciechowski,JW.,Yuncker,C.,Happ,GM.: :
Association of hypothyroid disease in Doberman Pinscher dogs with a rare major histocompatibility complex DLA class II haplotype. Tissue Antigens 67:53-6, 2006. Pubmed reference: 16451201 . DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2005.00518.x . |
| 2005 |
Bruchim,Y.,Kushnir,A.,Shamir,MH.: :
L-thyroxine responsive cricopharyngeal achalasia associated with hypothyroidism in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 46:553-4, 2005. Pubmed reference: 16300118 . |
| 2003 |
Beaver,B.V.,Haug,L.I.: :
Canine behaviors associated with hypothyroidism Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 39:431-4, 2003. Pubmed reference: 14518649 . |
| 2003 |
Boretti,F.S.,Breyer-Haube,I.,Kaspers,B.,Reusch,C.E.: :
[Clinical, hematological, biochemical and endocrinological aspects of 32 dogs with hypothyroidism] Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde 145:149-56, 158-9, 2003. Pubmed reference: 12741092 . |
| 2003 |
Fyfe,J.C.,Kampschmidt,K.,Dang,V.,Poteet,B.A.,He,Q.,Lowrie,C.,Graham,P.A.,Fetro,V.M.: :
Congenital hypothyroidism with goiter in toy fox terriers Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 17:50-7, 2003. Pubmed reference: 12564727 . |
| 2003 |
Hess,R.S.,Kass,P.H.,Van,Winkle,T.J.: :
Association between diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism or hyperadrenocorticism, and atherosclerosis in dogs Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 17:489-94, 2003. Pubmed reference: 12892299 . |
| 2002 |
Kubiak,K.,Nicpon,J.,Jankowski,M.,Spuzak,J.: :
Therapeutic approach to canine hypoparathyroidism resulting from thyroidectomy Medycyna Weterynaryjna 58:954-956, 2002. |
| 2002 |
Anon.: :
Plasma T4 and TSH levels as important parameters for the diagnosis of hypothyroidism in dogs Tijdschrift voor Diergeneeskunde 127:488-489, 2002. Pubmed reference: 12219595 . |
| 2002 |
Krishnamurthi,M.,Rajan,T.S.S.: :
Hypothyroidism in dogs Indian Veterinary Journal 79:166-167, 2002. |
| 2002 |
McKeown,H.M.: :
Hypothyroidism in a boxer dog Canadian Veterinary Journal - Revue Veterinaire Canadienne 43:553-555, 2002. |
| 2002 |
McKeown,HM.: :
Hypothyroidism in a boxer dog. Can Vet J 43:553-5, 2002. Pubmed reference: 12125189 . |
| 2002 |
Nachreiner,R.M.F.,Refsal,K.R.,Graham,P.A.,Bowman,M.M.: :
Prevalence of serum thyroid hormone autoantibodies in dogs with clinical signs of hypothyroidism Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 220:466-471, 2002. Pubmed reference: 11860240 . |
| 2002 |
Reusch,C.E.,Gerber,B.,Boretti,F.S.: :
Serum fructosamine concentrations in dogs with hypothyroidism Veterinary Research Communications 26:531-536, 2002. Pubmed reference: 12416867 . |
| 2002 |
Reusch,C.E.,Nett,C.S.,Refsal,K.R.: :
Autoantibodies against thyroid hormones: a case report about a dog with hypothyroidism and increased concentrations of T4 and T3 Kleintierpraxis 47:595-+, 2002. |
| 2001 |
Earl,J.: :
Hypothyroidism in a dog Veterinary Record 148:352, 2001. Pubmed reference: 11316303 . |
| 2001 |
Kemppainen,R.J.,Behrend,E.N.: :
Diagnosis of canine hypothyroidism - Perspectives from a testing laboratory Veterinary Clinics of North America - Small Animal Practice 31:951-+, 2001. |
| 2001 |
Panciera,D.L.: :
Conditions associated with canine hypothyroidism Veterinary Clinics of North America - Small Animal Practice 31:935-+, 2001. |
| 1999 |
Corcoran,B.M.,Dukes-McEwan,J.,Rhind,S.,French,A.: :
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in a Staffordshire bull terrier with hypothyroidism Journal of Small Animal Practice 40:185-188, 1999. Pubmed reference: 10340250 . |
| 1999 |
Dixon,R.M.,Mooney,C.T.: :
Evaluation of serum free thyroxine and thyrotropin concentrations in the diagnosis of canine hypothyroidism Journal of Small Animal Practice 40:72-78, 1999. Pubmed reference: 10088086 . |
| 1999 |
Panciera,D.L.: :
Is it possible to diagnose canine hypothyroidism? Journal of Small Animal Practice 40:152-157, 1999. Pubmed reference: 10340243 . |
| 1999 |
Plotnick,A.N.: :
Megaesophagus and hypothyroidism in an English Springer Spaniel and response to thyroxine supplementation Canine Practice 24:14-17, 1999. |
| 1999 |
Cortese,L.,Oliva,G.,Ciaramella,P.,Persechino,A.,Restucci,B.: :
Primary hypothyroidism associated with leishmaniasis in a dog Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 35:487-492, 1999. Pubmed reference: 10580908 . |
| 1998 |
Bruner,J.M.,Scottmoncrieff,C.R.,Williams,D.A.: :
Effect of time of sample collection on serum thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations in euthyroid and hypothyroid dogs Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 212:1572 ff., 1998. |
| 1998 |
Greco,D.S.,Rosychuk,R.A.W.,Ogilvie,G.K.,Harpold,L.M.,Vanliew,C.H.: :
The effect of levothyroxine treatment on resting energy expenditure of hypothyroid dogs Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 12:7-10, 1998. Pubmed reference: 9503354 . |
| 1998 |
Hess,R.S.,Ward,C.R.: :
Diabetes mellitus, hyperadrenocorticism, and hypothyroidism in a dog Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 34:204-207, 1998. Pubmed reference: 9590447 . |
| 1998 |
Kemppainen,R.J.,Behrend,E.N.: :
Advances in diagnostic testing for canine hypothyroidism Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian 20:673 ff., 1998. |
| 1998 |
Pearson,P.D.,Mcginn,O.: :
Suspected hypothyroidism in Siberian Huskies Veterinary Record 142:616, 1998. Pubmed reference: 9682425 . |
| 1998 |
Scottmoncrieff,J.C.R.,Nelson,R.W.,Bruner,J.M.,Williams,D.A.: :
Comparison of serum concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone in healthy dogs, hypothyroid dogs, and euthyroid dogs with concurrent disease Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 212:387 ff., 1998. |
| 1997 |
Peterson ME, Melian C, Nichols R. :
Measurement of serum total thyroxine, triodothyronine, free thyroxine, and thyrotropin concentrations for diagnosis of hypothyroidism in dogs JAVMA 211(11):1396-1402 |
| 1997 |
Anon.: :
Canine hypothyroidism project receives funding Journal of Small Animal Practice 38:535, 1997. |
| 1997 |
Cain,J.,Panciera,D.,Ferguson,D.,Refsal,K.,Frank,L.,Scottmoncrieff,C.: :
Question and answer session - treatment Canine Practice 22:61-62, 1997. |
| 1997 |
Christopher,M.M.: :
Hyperlipidemia and other clinicopathologic abnormalities associated with canine hypothyroidism Canine Practice 22:37-38, 1997. |
| 1997 |
Coates,J.R.: :
Neurologic manifestations of hypothyroidism Canine Practice 22:27-28, 1997. |
| 1997 |
Davidson,A.P.: :
Hypothyroidism - establishing the diagnosis in private practice Canine Practice 22:8-9, 1997. |
| 1997 |
Dodds,J.,Greco,D.,Ferguson,D.,Nachreiner,R.,Nelson,R.,Ramsey,L.,Scottmoncrieff,C.,Peterson,M.,Cain,J.,Feldman,E.,Adler,S.,Green,R.,Duesberg,C.,Nichols,R.: :
Question and answer session - diagnostic testing Canine Practice 22:52-56, 1997. |
| 1997 |
Dodds,W.J.: :
Autoimmune thyroiditis and polyglandular autoimmunity of purebred dogs Canine Practice 22:18-19, 1997. |
| 1997 |
Ferguson,D.C.: :
Euthyroid sick syndrome Canine Practice 22:49-51, 1997. |
| 1997 |
Greco,D.S.: :
Congenital canine hypothyroidism Canine Practice 22:23-24, 1997. |
| 1997 |
Greene,R.T.: :
Thyroid testing - the full circle Canine Practice 22:10-11, 1997. |
| 1997 |
Hoppen,H.O.,Lohmann,P.,Schlote,S.,Gunzelapel,A.R.,Mullerkonig,A.,Grunau,B.,Hammerling,R.,Leidinger,K.,Morisse,B.,Nolte,I.: :
Specific measurement of canine tsh for diagnosis of hypothyroidism in the dog [German] Praktische Tierarzt 78:13-17, 1997. |
| 1997 |
Johnson,C.A.,Nachreiner,R.F.,Mullaney,T.P.,Olivier,N.B.: :
Reproductive manifestations of hypothyroidism Canine Practice 22:29-30, 1997. |
| 1997 |
Kienle,R.D.: :
The effects of hypothyroidism on the cardiovascular system Canine Practice 22:33-34, 1997. |
| 1997 |
Kintzer,P.P.: :
Tsh and trh stimulation testing Canine Practice 22:47-48, 1997. |
| 1997 |
Lieb,A.S.,Grooters,A.M.,Tyler,J.W.,Partington,B.P.,Pechman,R.D.: :
Tetraparesis due to vertebral physeal fracture in an adult dog with congenital hypothyroidism Journal of Small Animal Practice 38:364-367, 1997. Pubmed reference: 9282344 . |
| 1997 |
Nachreiner,R.F.,Refsal,K.R.: :
The Michigan State University thyroid function profile Canine Practice 22:45-46, 1997. |
| 1997 |
Nelson,R.: :
International symposium on canine hypothyroidism - August 3 and 4, 1996 - University of California, Davis - Davis, California - preface Canine Practice 22:4, 1997. |
| 1997 |
Nelson,R.W.: :
Use of baseline thyroid hormone concentrations for diagnosing canine hypothyroidism Canine Practice 22:39-40, 1997. |
| 1997 |
Nelson,R.,Rosychuck,R.,Scottmoncrieff,C.,Ferguson,D.,Panciera,D.,Johnson,C.,Dodds,J.,Thacker,E.,Henderson,K.,Refsal,K.,Wolfsheimer,K.,Kienle,R.,Peterson,M.,Greco,D.,Frank,L.: :
Clinical manifestations Canine Practice 22:35-36, 1997. |
| 1997 |
Neumann,S.: :
Hypothyroidism as a possible cause of lameness in two dogs [German] Praktische Tierarzt 78:1040 ff., 1997. |
| 1997 |
Panciera,D.L.: :
Does abnormal hemostasis occur in canine hypothyroidism Canine Practice 22:31-32, 1997. |
| 1997 |
Panciera,D.L.: :
Treatment of hypothyroidism - consequences and complications Canine Practice 22:57-58, 1997. |
| 1997 |
Peterson,M.E.,Melian,C.,Nichols,R.: :
Measurement of serum total thyroxine, triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, and thyrotropin concentrations for diagnosis of hypothyroidism in dogs Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 211:1396 ff., 1997. |
| 1997 |
Ramsey,I.K.,Evans,H.,Herrtage,M.E.: :
Thyroid-stimulating hormone and total thyroxine concentrations in euthyroid, sick euthyroid and hypothyroid dogs Journal of Small Animal Practice 38:540-545, 1997. Pubmed reference: 9444634 . |
| 1997 |
Ramsey,I.,Herrtage,M.: :
Distinguishing normal, sick, and hypothyroid dogs using total thyroxine and thyrotropin concentrations Canine Practice 22:43-44, 1997. |
| 1997 |
Refsal,K.R.,Nachreiner,R.F.: :
Thyroid hormone autoantibodies in the dog - their association with serum concentrations of iodothyronines and thyrotropin and distribution by age, sex, and breed of dog Canine Practice 22:16-17, 1997. |
| 1997 |
Refsal,K.R.,Nachreiner,R.F.: :
Laboratory monitoring of thyroid supplementation Canine Practice 22:59-60, 1997. |
| 1997 |
Rosychuk,R.A.W.: :
Dermatologic manifestations of canine hypothyroidism and the usefulness of dermatohistopathology in establishing a diagnosis Canine Practice 22:25-26, 1997. |
| 1997 |
Scottmoncrieff,J.C.: :
Serum canine thyrotropin concentrations in experimental and spontaneous canine hypothyroidism Canine Practice 22:41-42, 1997. |
| 1997 |
Sparkes,C.: :
Canine hypothyroidism - a breeders perspective Canine Practice 22:7, 1997. |
| 1997 |
Thacker,E.L.: :
Etiology of adult-onset canine autoimmune hypothyroidism Canine Practice 22:12-13, 1997. |
| 1997 |
Thorpevargas,S.,Refsal,K.,Dodds,J.,Pedersen,N.,Young,D.,Thacker,E.,Ferguson,D.,Sparkes,C.,Davidson,A.,Henderson,K.,Segal,P.,Scottmoncrieff,C.,Frank,L.,Johnson,C.,Peterson,M.,Green,R.,Nachreiner,R.,Nelson,R.,Lynch,D.: :
Etiopathogenesis Canine Practice 22:20-22, 1997. |
| 1997 |
Young,D.W.: :
Antibodies to thyroid hormone and thyroglobulin in canine autoimmune lymphocytic thyroiditis Canine Practice 22:14-15, 1997. |
| 1997 |
Cortese,L.,Oliva,G.,Verstegen,J.,Ciaramella,P.,Persechino,A.: :
Hyperprolactinaemia and galactorrhoea associated with primary hypothyroidism in a bitch Journal of Small Animal Practice 38:572-575, 1997. Pubmed reference: 9444640 . |
| 1996 |
Sinke,J.D.,Kooistra,H.S.: :
Hypocalcemia due to hypoparathyroidism in a dog Veterinary Quarterly 18:S 37, 1996. |
| 1996 |
Anon.: :
Canine hypothyroidism investigation receives grant Journal of Small Animal Practice 37:614, 1996. |
| 1996 |
Benjamin,S.A.,Stephens,L.C.,Hamilton,B.F.,Saunders,W.J.,Lee,A.C.,Angleton,G.M.,Mallinckrodt,C.H.: :
Associations between lymphocytic thyroiditis, hypothyroidism, and thyroid neoplasia in beagles Veterinary Pathology 33:486-494, 1996. Pubmed reference: 8885174 . |
| 1996 |
Dixon,R.M.,Graham,P.A.,Mooney,C.T.: :
Serum thyrotropin concentrations - a new diagnostic test for canine hypothyroidism Veterinary Record 138:594-595, 1996. Pubmed reference: 8799987 . |
| 1996 |
Dixon,R.M.,Mooney,C.T.: :
Investigation of canine hypothyroidism Veterinary Record 139:400, 1996. Pubmed reference: 8913019 . |
| 1996 |
Hilsenroth,R.: :
Hypothyroidism Canine Practice 21:1, 1996. |
| 1996 |
Kemppainen,R.J.,Young,D.W.,Behrend,E.N.,Clark,T.P.,Smiley,S.D.: :
Autoantibodies to triiodothyronine and thyroxine in a golden retriever Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 32:195-198, 1996. Pubmed reference: 8731132 . |
| 1996 |
Kraft,W.,Ruschig,S.: :
Canine thyroid stimulating hormone (c-tsh) as a diagnostic aid in canine hypothyroidism [German] Kleintierpraxis 41:795 ff., 1996. |
| 1996 |
Mailles,A.,Lugardon,B.,Chetboul,V.,Siliart,B.,Pouchelon,J.L.: :
A clinical case of hypothyroidism with cardiovascular complications in a female Schnauzer [French] Recueil de Medecine Veterinaire 172:339-343, 1996. |
| 1996 |
Nelson,R.W.: :
Diagnosis and treatment of canine hypothyroidism Veterinary Quarterly 18:S 29-S 31, 1996. |
| 1996 |
Paradis,M.,Page,N.,Lariviere,N.,Fontaine,M.: :
Serum-free thyroxine concentrations, measured by chemiluminescence assay before and after thyrotropin administration in healthy dogs, hypothyroid dogs, and euthyroid dogs with dermathopathies Canadian Veterinary Journal - Revue Veterinaire Canadienne 37:289-294, 1996. |
| 1996 |
Gerritsen,R.J.,Vandenbrom,W.E.,Stokhof,A.A.: :
Relationship between atrial fibrillation and primary hypothyroidism in the dog Veterinary Quarterly 18:49-51, 1996. Pubmed reference: 8792593 . |
| 1996 |
Jensen,A.L.,Iversen,L.,Hoier,R.,Kristensen,F.,Henriksen,P.: :
Evaluation of an immunoradiometric assay for thyrotropin in serum and plasma samples of dogs with primary hypothyroidism Journal of Comparative Pathology 114:339-346, 1996. Pubmed reference: 8762591 . |
| 1995 |
Chastain, C.B., Panciera, D.L. :
Hypothyroid diseases W.B. Saunders Co., Toronto. S.J. Ettinger and E.C. Feldman (eds.) Textbook of veterinary Internal medicine. p. 1487-1501 |
| 1995 |
Dodds,W.J.: :
Hypothyroidism and von Willebrand factor Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 206:594-595, 1995. Pubmed reference: 7744675 . |
| 1995 |
Doliger,S.,Delverdier,M.,More,J.,Longeart,L.,Regnier,A.,Magnol,J.P.: :
Histochemical study of cutaneous mucins in hypothyroid dogs Veterinary Pathology 32:628-634, 1995. Pubmed reference: 8592797 . |
| 1995 |
Grunau,B.,Nolte,I.,Hoppen,H.O.: :
The TRH-test for the diagnosis of canine hypothyroidism [German] Kleintierpraxis 40:515 ff., 1995. |
| 1995 |
Jackson,H.A.: :
A case of concurrent sarcoptes scabiei infestation and hypothyroidism in a dog Veterinary Dermatology 6:21-25, 1995. |
| 1995 |
Panciera,D.L.,Johnson,G.S.: :
Hypothyroidism and von Willebrand factor - Reply Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 206:595-596, 1995. |
| 1995 |
Thacker,E.L.,Davis,J.M.,Refsal,K.R.,Bull,R.W.: :
Isolation of thyroid peroxidase and lack of autoantibodies to the enzyme in dogs with autoimmune thyroid disease American Journal of Veterinary Research 56:34-38, 1995. Pubmed reference: 7695146 . |
| 1995 |
Nell,B.,Angerer,M.,Walde,I.: :
Lipid-laden aqueous humor and uveitis as ocular manifestation of hyperlipidemia as a result of primary hypothyroidism in a dog Wiener Tierarztliche Monatsschrift 82:122-129, 1995. |
| 1994 |
Jaggy,A.,Jun,T.G.,Tipold,A.: :
Neurological Signs Related to Hypothyroidism in the Dog - Review of the Literature and Case Reports Schweizer Archiv Fur Tierheilkunde 136:257-264, 1994. Pubmed reference: 8091179 . |
| 1994 |
Panciera,D.L.: :
Hypothyroidism in Dogs - 66 Cases (1987-1992) Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 204:761-767, 1994. Pubmed reference: 8175472 . |
| 1994 |
Panciera,D.L.,Johnson,G.S.: :
Plasma von Willebrand factor antigen concentration in dogs with hypothyroidism Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 205:1550-1553, 1994. Pubmed reference: 7730121 . |
| 1993 |
Barrie,J.,Watson,T.D.G.,Stear,M.J.,Nash,A.S.: :
Plasma Cholesterol and Lipoprotein Concentrations in the Dog - The Effects of Age, Breed, Gender and Endocrine Disease Journal of Small Animal Practice 34:507-512, 1993. |
| 1993 |
Ford,S.L.,Nelson,R.W.,Feldman,E.C.,Niwa,D.: :
Insulin Resistance in 3 Dogs with Hypothyroidism and Diabetes mellitus Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 202:1478-1480, 1993. Pubmed reference: 8496104 . |
| 1993 |
Mooney,C.T.,Anderson,T.J.: :
Congenital Hypothyroidism in a Boxer Dog Journal of Small Animal Practice 34:31-35, 1993. |
| 1993 |
Sullivan,P.,Gompf,R.,Schmeitzel,L.,Clift,R.,Cottrell,M.,Mcdonald,T.P.: :
Altered Platelet Indices in Dogs with Hypothyroidism and Cats with Hyperthyroidism American Journal of Veterinary Research 54:2004-2009, 1993. Pubmed reference: 8116929 . |
| 1990 |
Miller,W.H.,Buerger,R.G.: :
Cutaneous Mucinous Vesiculation in a Dog with Hypothyroidism Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 196:757-759, 1990. Pubmed reference: 2307615 . |
| 1989 |
Verschueren,C.,Belshaw,B.E.: :
Canine Hypothyroidism - Etiology, Incidence, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment Annales de Medecine Veterinaire 133:565-581, 1989. |
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