Basic Information
Gene ID
AmTr_scaff00029.278.v1.0.g
Position
AmTr_scaff00029:3682813-3684161 (-)
1348bp
Gene Type
gene
Gene Description (Protein Product)
ATP binding
Organism
Also AS AT5G42020AMTR_s00029p00199940

Gene Structure

upstream:

Domain
Database EntryID E-Value Start end InterPro ID Description

Regulation&Interaction
Protein-protein interaction (PPI)
AmTr_scaff00175.37.v1.0.g protein disulfide isomerase-like
AmTr_scaff00099.155.v1.0.g E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase
AmTr_scaff00186.14.v1.0.g disulfide-isomerase
Regulatory gene
AmTr_scaff00001.1.v1.0.g transcription, DNA-templated
AmTr_scaff00001.321.v1.0.g Trihelix transcription factor

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Annotation

Orthologous Group
Orthologous ID Species Number All hits in PereRegDB Hits of this species Orthologous Detail


Pathway
GO Term Description GO Category
GO:0000003 reproduction BP
GO:0000082 G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle BP
GO:0000166 nucleotide binding MF
GO:0000278 mitotic cell cycle BP
GO:0000323 lytic vacuole CC
GO:0000902 cell morphogenesis BP
GO:0000904 cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation BP
GO:0000974 Prp19 complex CC
GO:0001655 urogenital system development BP
GO:0001664 G protein-coupled receptor binding MF
GO:0001822 kidney development BP
GO:0001910 regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity BP
GO:0001912 positive regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity BP
GO:0001914 regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity BP
GO:0001916 positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity BP
GO:0001917 photoreceptor inner segment CC
GO:0002682 regulation of immune system process BP
GO:0002684 positive regulation of immune system process BP
GO:0002697 regulation of immune effector process BP
GO:0002699 positive regulation of immune effector process BP
GO:0002703 regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity BP
GO:0002705 positive regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity BP
GO:0002706 regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity BP
GO:0002708 positive regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity BP
GO:0002709 regulation of T cell mediated immunity BP
GO:0002711 positive regulation of T cell mediated immunity BP
GO:0002819 regulation of adaptive immune response BP
GO:0002821 positive regulation of adaptive immune response BP
GO:0002822 regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains BP
GO:0002824 positive regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains BP
GO:0003006 developmental process involved in reproduction BP
GO:0003008 system process BP
GO:0003674 molecular_function MF
GO:0003676 nucleic acid binding MF
GO:0003723 RNA binding MF
GO:0003824 catalytic activity MF
GO:0005102 signaling receptor binding MF
GO:0005488 binding MF
GO:0005504 fatty acid binding MF
GO:0005515 protein binding MF
GO:0005524 ATP binding MF
GO:0005575 cellular_component CC
GO:0005576 extracellular region CC
GO:0005615 extracellular space CC
GO:0005622 intracellular anatomical structure CC
GO:0005623 obsolete cell CC
GO:0005634 nucleus CC
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm CC
GO:0005737 cytoplasm CC
GO:0005764 lysosome CC
GO:0005765 lysosomal membrane CC
GO:0005773 vacuole CC
GO:0005774 vacuolar membrane CC
GO:0005775 vacuolar lumen CC
GO:0005776 autophagosome CC
GO:0005783 endoplasmic reticulum CC
GO:0005788 endoplasmic reticulum lumen CC
GO:0005829 cytosol CC
GO:0005856 cytoskeleton CC
GO:0005874 microtubule CC
GO:0005882 intermediate filament CC
GO:0006355 regulation of DNA-templated transcription BP
GO:0006457 protein folding BP
GO:0006464 protein modification process BP
GO:0006468 protein phosphorylation BP
GO:0006518 peptide metabolic process BP
GO:0006606 protein import into nucleus BP
GO:0006793 phosphorus metabolic process BP
GO:0006796 phosphate-containing compound metabolic process BP
GO:0006807 nitrogen compound metabolic process BP
GO:0006810 transport BP
GO:0006886 intracellular protein transport BP
GO:0006897 endocytosis BP
GO:0006913 nucleocytoplasmic transport BP
GO:0006914 autophagy BP
GO:0006928 obsolete movement of cell or subcellular component BP
GO:0006950 response to stress BP
GO:0006996 organelle organization BP
GO:0007017 microtubule-based process BP
GO:0007018 microtubule-based movement BP
GO:0007033 vacuole organization BP
GO:0007040 lysosome organization BP
GO:0007049 cell cycle BP
GO:0007275 multicellular organism development BP
GO:0007399 nervous system development BP
GO:0007417 central nervous system development BP
GO:0007420 brain development BP
GO:0007517 muscle organ development BP
GO:0007519 skeletal muscle tissue development BP
GO:0007568 aging BP
GO:0007600 sensory perception BP
GO:0007606 sensory perception of chemical stimulus BP
GO:0007608 sensory perception of smell BP
GO:0008021 synaptic vesicle CC
GO:0008088 axo-dendritic transport BP
GO:0008104 protein localization BP
GO:0008134 transcription factor binding MF
GO:0008144 obsolete drug binding MF
GO:0008150 biological_process BP
GO:0008152 metabolic process BP
GO:0008289 lipid binding MF
GO:0009056 catabolic process BP
GO:0009057 macromolecule catabolic process BP
GO:0009266 response to temperature stimulus BP
GO:0009408 response to heat BP
GO:0009605 response to external stimulus BP
GO:0009628 response to abiotic stimulus BP
GO:0009636 response to toxic substance BP
GO:0009653 anatomical structure morphogenesis BP
GO:0009719 response to endogenous stimulus BP
GO:0009725 response to hormone BP
GO:0009826 unidimensional cell growth BP
GO:0009856 pollination BP
GO:0009860 pollen tube growth BP
GO:0009888 tissue development BP
GO:0009889 regulation of biosynthetic process BP
GO:0009890 negative regulation of biosynthetic process BP
GO:0009892 negative regulation of metabolic process BP
GO:0009893 positive regulation of metabolic process BP
GO:0009932 cell tip growth BP
GO:0009986 cell surface CC
GO:0009987 cellular process BP
GO:0009991 response to extracellular stimulus BP
GO:0010033 response to organic substance BP
GO:0010035 response to inorganic substance BP
GO:0010038 response to metal ion BP
GO:0010045 response to nickel cation BP
GO:0010468 regulation of gene expression BP
GO:0010556 regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process BP
GO:0010558 negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process BP
GO:0010604 positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process BP
GO:0010605 negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process BP
GO:0010628 positive regulation of gene expression BP
GO:0010629 negative regulation of gene expression BP
GO:0010656 negative regulation of muscle cell apoptotic process BP
GO:0010660 regulation of muscle cell apoptotic process BP
GO:0010662 regulation of striated muscle cell apoptotic process BP
GO:0010664 negative regulation of striated muscle cell apoptotic process BP
GO:0010665 regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process BP
GO:0010667 negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process BP
GO:0010941 regulation of cell death BP
GO:0010970 transport along microtubule BP
GO:0012505 endomembrane system CC
GO:0014069 postsynaptic density CC
GO:0014070 response to organic cyclic compound BP
GO:0014706 striated muscle tissue development BP
GO:0014823 response to activity BP
GO:0015031 protein transport BP
GO:0015630 microtubule cytoskeleton CC
GO:0015833 peptide transport BP
GO:0016020 membrane CC
GO:0016043 cellular component organization BP
GO:0016049 cell growth BP
GO:0016191 synaptic vesicle uncoating BP
GO:0016192 vesicle-mediated transport BP
GO:0016310 phosphorylation BP
GO:0016462 pyrophosphatase activity MF
GO:0016592 mediator complex CC
GO:0016787 hydrolase activity MF
GO:0016817 hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides MF
GO:0016818 hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, in phosphorus-containing anhydrides MF
GO:0016887 ATP hydrolysis activity MF
GO:0017038 protein import BP
GO:0017076 purine nucleotide binding MF
GO:0017111 ribonucleoside triphosphate phosphatase activity MF
GO:0019219 regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process BP
GO:0019222 regulation of metabolic process BP
GO:0019538 protein metabolic process BP
GO:0019899 enzyme binding MF
GO:0021549 cerebellum development BP
GO:0022037 metencephalon development BP
GO:0022402 cell cycle process BP
GO:0022411 cellular component disassembly BP
GO:0022414 reproductive process BP
GO:0030100 regulation of endocytosis BP
GO:0030133 transport vesicle CC
GO:0030154 cell differentiation BP
GO:0030162 regulation of proteolysis BP
GO:0030163 protein catabolic process BP
GO:0030424 axon CC
GO:0030425 dendrite CC
GO:0030554 adenyl nucleotide binding MF
GO:0030705 cytoskeleton-dependent intracellular transport BP
GO:0030900 forebrain development BP
GO:0030902 hindbrain development BP
GO:0031090 organelle membrane CC
GO:0031323 regulation of cellular metabolic process BP
GO:0031324 negative regulation of cellular metabolic process BP
GO:0031325 positive regulation of cellular metabolic process BP
GO:0031326 regulation of cellular biosynthetic process BP
GO:0031327 negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process BP
GO:0031341 regulation of cell killing BP
GO:0031343 positive regulation of cell killing BP
GO:0031406 carboxylic acid binding MF
GO:0031410 cytoplasmic vesicle CC
GO:0031667 response to nutrient levels BP
GO:0031685 adenosine receptor binding MF
GO:0031686 A1 adenosine receptor binding MF
GO:0031974 membrane-enclosed lumen CC
GO:0031981 nuclear lumen CC
GO:0031982 vesicle CC
GO:0032268 regulation of protein metabolic process BP
GO:0032270 positive regulation of protein metabolic process BP
GO:0032279 asymmetric synapse CC
GO:0032355 response to estradiol BP
GO:0032501 multicellular organismal process BP
GO:0032502 developmental process BP
GO:0032504 multicellular organism reproduction BP
GO:0032553 ribonucleotide binding MF
GO:0032555 purine ribonucleotide binding MF
GO:0032559 adenyl ribonucleotide binding MF
GO:0032570 response to progesterone BP
GO:0032879 regulation of localization BP
GO:0032984 protein-containing complex disassembly BP
GO:0032989 cellular component morphogenesis BP
GO:0032991 protein-containing complex CC
GO:0033036 macromolecule localization BP
GO:0033218 amide binding MF
GO:0033267 obsolete axon part CC
GO:0033293 monocarboxylic acid binding MF
GO:0033365 protein localization to organelle BP
GO:0033554 cellular response to stress BP
GO:0033993 response to lipid BP
GO:0034504 protein localization to nucleus BP
GO:0034605 cellular response to heat BP
GO:0034613 protein localization BP
GO:0034641 cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process BP
GO:0035639 purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding MF
GO:0036094 small molecule binding MF
GO:0036211 protein modification process BP
GO:0036465 synaptic vesicle recycling BP
GO:0036477 somatodendritic compartment CC
GO:0040007 growth BP
GO:0042026 protein refolding BP
GO:0042221 response to chemical BP
GO:0042277 peptide binding MF
GO:0042493 response to xenobiotic stimulus BP
GO:0042594 response to starvation BP
GO:0042623 ATP hydrolysis activity MF
GO:0042698 ovulation cycle BP
GO:0042886 amide transport BP
GO:0042981 regulation of apoptotic process BP
GO:0042995 cell projection CC
GO:0043005 neuron projection CC
GO:0043025 neuronal cell body CC
GO:0043066 negative regulation of apoptotic process BP
GO:0043067 regulation of programmed cell death BP
GO:0043069 negative regulation of programmed cell death BP
GO:0043085 positive regulation of catalytic activity BP
GO:0043167 ion binding MF
GO:0043168 anion binding MF
GO:0043170 macromolecule metabolic process BP
GO:0043177 organic acid binding MF
GO:0043195 terminal bouton CC
GO:0043197 dendritic spine CC
GO:0043198 dendritic shaft CC
GO:0043202 lysosomal lumen CC
GO:0043204 perikaryon CC
GO:0043226 organelle CC
GO:0043227 membrane-bounded organelle CC
GO:0043228 non-membrane-bounded organelle CC
GO:0043229 intracellular organelle CC
GO:0043230 extracellular organelle CC
GO:0043231 intracellular membrane-bounded organelle CC
GO:0043232 intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle CC
GO:0043233 organelle lumen CC
GO:0043412 macromolecule modification BP
GO:0043531 ADP binding MF
GO:0043603 amide metabolic process BP
GO:0043624 protein-containing complex disassembly BP
GO:0043679 axon terminus CC
GO:0043933 protein-containing complex organization BP
GO:0044093 positive regulation of molecular function BP
GO:0044237 cellular metabolic process BP
GO:0044238 primary metabolic process BP
GO:0044248 cellular catabolic process BP
GO:0044260 cellular macromolecule metabolic process BP
GO:0044267 protein metabolic process BP
GO:0044297 cell body CC
GO:0044306 neuron projection terminus CC
GO:0044309 neuron spine CC
GO:0044421 obsolete extracellular region part CC
GO:0044422 obsolete organelle part CC
GO:0044424 obsolete intracellular part CC
GO:0044425 obsolete membrane part CC
GO:0044428 obsolete nuclear part CC
GO:0044430 obsolete cytoskeletal part CC
GO:0044432 obsolete endoplasmic reticulum part CC
GO:0044437 obsolete vacuolar part CC
GO:0044444 obsolete cytoplasmic part CC
GO:0044445 obsolete cytosolic part CC
GO:0044446 obsolete intracellular organelle part CC
GO:0044451 obsolete nucleoplasm part CC
GO:0044456 obsolete synapse part CC
GO:0044463 obsolete cell projection part CC
GO:0044464 obsolete cell part CC
GO:0044706 multi-multicellular organism process BP
GO:0044743 protein transmembrane import into intracellular organelle BP
GO:0044770 cell cycle phase transition BP
GO:0044772 mitotic cell cycle phase transition BP
GO:0044843 cell cycle G1/S phase transition BP
GO:0044849 estrous cycle BP
GO:0045111 intermediate filament cytoskeleton CC
GO:0045121 membrane raft CC
GO:0045184 establishment of protein localization BP
GO:0045202 synapse CC
GO:0045471 response to ethanol BP
GO:0045807 positive regulation of endocytosis BP
GO:0045862 positive regulation of proteolysis BP
GO:0045892 negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription BP
GO:0045934 negative regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process BP
GO:0046677 response to antibiotic BP
GO:0046686 response to cadmium ion BP
GO:0046777 protein autophosphorylation BP
GO:0046907 intracellular transport BP
GO:0048468 cell development BP
GO:0048471 perinuclear region of cytoplasm CC
GO:0048488 synaptic vesicle endocytosis BP
GO:0048511 rhythmic process BP
GO:0048513 animal organ development BP
GO:0048518 positive regulation of biological process BP
GO:0048519 negative regulation of biological process BP
GO:0048522 positive regulation of cellular process BP
GO:0048523 negative regulation of cellular process BP
GO:0048545 response to steroid hormone BP
GO:0048583 regulation of response to stimulus BP
GO:0048584 positive regulation of response to stimulus BP
GO:0048585 negative regulation of response to stimulus BP
GO:0048588 developmental cell growth BP
GO:0048589 developmental growth BP
GO:0048609 multicellular organismal reproductive process BP
GO:0048731 system development BP
GO:0048856 anatomical structure development BP
GO:0048868 pollen tube development BP
GO:0048869 cellular developmental process BP
GO:0050542 icosanoid binding MF
GO:0050764 regulation of phagocytosis BP
GO:0050766 positive regulation of phagocytosis BP
GO:0050776 regulation of immune response BP
GO:0050778 positive regulation of immune response BP
GO:0050789 regulation of biological process BP
GO:0050790 regulation of catalytic activity BP
GO:0050794 regulation of cellular process BP
GO:0050877 nervous system process BP
GO:0050896 response to stimulus BP
GO:0051049 regulation of transport BP
GO:0051050 positive regulation of transport BP
GO:0051082 unfolded protein binding MF
GO:0051128 regulation of cellular component organization BP
GO:0051130 positive regulation of cellular component organization BP
GO:0051169 nuclear transport BP
GO:0051170 import into nucleus BP
GO:0051171 regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process BP
GO:0051172 negative regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process BP
GO:0051173 positive regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process BP
GO:0051179 localization BP
GO:0051234 establishment of localization BP
GO:0051246 regulation of protein metabolic process BP
GO:0051247 positive regulation of protein metabolic process BP
GO:0051252 regulation of RNA metabolic process BP
GO:0051253 negative regulation of RNA metabolic process BP
GO:0051261 protein depolymerization BP
GO:0051641 cellular localization BP
GO:0051649 establishment of localization in cell BP
GO:0051704 obsolete multi-organism process BP
GO:0051716 cellular response to stimulus BP
GO:0055085 transmembrane transport BP
GO:0060255 regulation of macromolecule metabolic process BP
GO:0060322 head development BP
GO:0060537 muscle tissue development BP
GO:0060538 skeletal muscle organ development BP
GO:0060548 negative regulation of cell death BP
GO:0060560 developmental growth involved in morphogenesis BP
GO:0060627 regulation of vesicle-mediated transport BP
GO:0061024 membrane organization BP
GO:0061061 muscle structure development BP
GO:0061077 chaperone-mediated protein folding BP
GO:0061083 regulation of protein refolding BP
GO:0061635 regulation of protein complex stability BP
GO:0061684 chaperone-mediated autophagy BP
GO:0061741 obsolete chaperone-mediated protein transport involved in chaperone-mediated autophagy BP
GO:0061919 process utilizing autophagic mechanism BP
GO:0065007 biological regulation BP
GO:0065008 regulation of biological quality BP
GO:0065009 regulation of molecular function BP
GO:0070013 intracellular organelle lumen CC
GO:0070062 extracellular exosome CC
GO:0070382 exocytic vesicle CC
GO:0070727 cellular macromolecule localization BP
GO:0070887 cellular response to chemical stimulus BP
GO:0071241 cellular response to inorganic substance BP
GO:0071248 cellular response to metal ion BP
GO:0071276 cellular response to cadmium ion BP
GO:0071702 organic substance transport BP
GO:0071704 organic substance metabolic process BP
GO:0071705 nitrogen compound transport BP
GO:0071806 protein transmembrane transport BP
GO:0071840 cellular component organization or biogenesis BP
GO:0072001 renal system development BP
GO:0072318 clathrin coat disassembly BP
GO:0072319 vesicle uncoating BP
GO:0072321 obsolete chaperone-mediated protein transport BP
GO:0072594 establishment of protein localization to organelle BP
GO:0080090 regulation of primary metabolic process BP
GO:0080134 regulation of response to stress BP
GO:0080135 regulation of cellular response to stress BP
GO:0080171 lytic vacuole organization BP
GO:0090559 regulation of membrane permeability BP
GO:0097159 organic cyclic compound binding MF
GO:0097212 lysosomal membrane organization BP
GO:0097213 regulation of lysosomal membrane permeability BP
GO:0097214 positive regulation of lysosomal membrane permeability BP
GO:0097305 response to alcohol BP
GO:0097367 carbohydrate derivative binding MF
GO:0097447 dendritic tree CC
GO:0097458 obsolete neuron part CC
GO:0097708 intracellular vesicle CC
GO:0098588 bounding membrane of organelle CC
GO:0098589 membrane CC
GO:0098657 import into cell BP
GO:0098793 presynapse CC
GO:0098794 postsynapse CC
GO:0098805 membrane CC
GO:0098852 lytic vacuole membrane CC
GO:0098857 membrane microdomain CC
GO:0098984 neuron to neuron synapse CC
GO:0099003 vesicle-mediated transport in synapse BP
GO:0099080 supramolecular complex CC
GO:0099081 supramolecular polymer CC
GO:0099111 microtubule-based transport BP
GO:0099503 secretory vesicle CC
GO:0099504 synaptic vesicle cycle BP
GO:0099512 supramolecular fiber CC
GO:0099513 polymeric cytoskeletal fiber CC
GO:0099522 cytosolic region CC
GO:0099523 presynaptic cytosol CC
GO:0099524 postsynaptic cytosol CC
GO:0099572 postsynaptic specialization CC
GO:0120025 plasma membrane bounded cell projection CC
GO:0120038 obsolete plasma membrane bounded cell projection part CC
GO:0150034 distal axon CC
GO:1900407 regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress BP
GO:1900408 negative regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress BP
GO:1901031 regulation of response to reactive oxygen species BP
GO:1901032 negative regulation of response to reactive oxygen species BP
GO:1901265 nucleoside phosphate binding MF
GO:1901363 heterocyclic compound binding MF
GO:1901564 organonitrogen compound metabolic process BP
GO:1901565 organonitrogen compound catabolic process BP
GO:1901567 fatty acid derivative binding MF
GO:1901575 organic substance catabolic process BP
GO:1901654 response to ketone BP
GO:1901700 response to oxygen-containing compound BP
GO:1902679 negative regulation of RNA biosynthetic process BP
GO:1902882 regulation of response to oxidative stress BP
GO:1902883 negative regulation of response to oxidative stress BP
GO:1903047 mitotic cell cycle process BP
GO:1903201 regulation of oxidative stress-induced cell death BP
GO:1903202 negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced cell death BP
GO:1903205 regulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death BP
GO:1903206 negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death BP
GO:1903332 regulation of protein folding BP
GO:1903334 positive regulation of protein folding BP
GO:1903506 regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription BP
GO:1903507 negative regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription BP
GO:1903561 extracellular vesicle CC
GO:1904592 positive regulation of protein refolding BP
GO:1904593 prostaglandin binding MF
GO:1904764 chaperone-mediated autophagy translocation complex disassembly BP
GO:1905710 positive regulation of membrane permeability BP
GO:1990124 messenger ribonucleoprotein complex CC
GO:1990832 slow axonal transport BP
GO:1990833 clathrin-uncoating ATPase activity MF
GO:1990834 response to odorant BP
GO:1990836 lysosomal matrix CC
GO:1990904 ribonucleoprotein complex CC
GO:2000112 regulation of cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process BP
GO:2000113 negative regulation of cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process BP
GO:2001023 regulation of response to drug BP
GO:2001024 negative regulation of response to drug BP
GO:2001038 regulation of cellular response to drug BP
GO:2001039 negative regulation of cellular response to drug BP
GO:2001141 regulation of RNA biosynthetic process BP
KEGG Term Name Description
map04141 Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a subcellular organelle where proteins are folded with the help of lumenal chaperones. Newly synthesized peptides enter the ER via the sec61 pore and are glycosylated. Correctly folded proteins are packaged into transport vesicles that shuttle them to the Golgi complex. Misfolded proteins are retained within the ER lumen in complex with molecular chaperones. Proteins that are terminally misfolded bind to BiP and are directed toward degradation through the proteasome in a process called ER-associated degradation (ERAD). Accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER causes ER stress and activates a signaling pathway called the unfolded protein response (UPR). In certain severe situations, however, the protective mechanisms activated by the UPR are not sufficient to restore normal ER function and cells die by apoptosis.
map03060 Protein export The protein export is the active transport of proteins from the cytoplasm to the exterior of the cell, or to the periplasmic compartment in Gram-negative bacteria. The sec dependent pathway is the general protein export system that transports newly synthesized proteins into or across the cell membrane. The translocation channel is formed from a conserved trimeric membrane protein complex, called the Sec61/SecY complex. The twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathway is another protein transport system that transports folded proteins in bacteria, archaea, and chloroplasts. Many Tat systems comprise three functionally different membrane proteins, TatA, TatB, and TatC, but TatA and TatE seem to have overlapping functions, with TatA having by far the more important role.